\(ĐK:x\in R\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{x^2+3}=t\left(t\ge0\right)\)

\(PT\Leftrightarrow2t^2-\left(7x+1\right)t+3x^2+3x=0\\ \Delta=\left(7x+1\right)^2-4\cdot2\left(3x^2+3x\right)=25x^2-10x+1=\left(5x-1\right)^2\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=\dfrac{7x+1-5x+1}{4}\\t=\dfrac{7x+1+5x-1}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=\dfrac{2x+2}{4}=\dfrac{x+1}{2}\\t=\dfrac{12x}{4}=3x\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2+3}=\dfrac{x+1}{2}\\\sqrt{x^2+3}=3x\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2+3=\dfrac{x^2+2x+1}{4}\\x^2+3=9x^2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}3x^2-2x+11=0\\x^2=\dfrac{3}{8}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\Delta=4-132< 0\\\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{\sqrt{6}}{4}\\x=-\dfrac{\sqrt{6}}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy \(S=\left\{-\dfrac{\sqrt{6}}{4};\dfrac{\sqrt{6}}{4}\right\}\)

a) Điều kiện $x \ge -5$. Đặt $\sqrt{x+5}=a$ thì $x=a^2-5$. Thay vào ta có $$\begin{array}{l} (a^2-5)^2-7(a^2-5)=6a-30 \\ \Leftrightarrow a^4-17a^2-6a+90=0 \Leftrightarrow (a^2+6a+10)(a-3)^2=0 \end{array}$$

Vậy $a=3 \Leftrightarrow \boxed{ x= 4}$.

ĐK \(x\ge-\frac{2}{3}\)

Pt

<=> \(x^3+2x^2-4x-3+3\left(x+1\right)\left(x+1-\sqrt{3x+2}\right)=0\)

<=> \(\left(x+3\right)\left(x^2-x-1\right)+3\left(x+1\right).\frac{\left(x+1\right)^2-3x-2}{x+1+\sqrt{3x+2}}=0\)

<=> \(\left(x+3\right)\left(x^2-x-1\right)+3\left(x+1\right).\frac{x^2-x-1}{x+1+\sqrt{3x+2}}=0\)

<=> \(\orbr{\begin{cases}x^2-x-1=0\\x+3+\frac{3\left(x+1\right)}{x+1+\sqrt{3x+2}}=0\left(2\right)\end{cases}}\)

Pt (2) vô nghiệm do VT>0 với mọi \(x\ge-\frac{2}{3}\)

=> \(x=\frac{1\pm\sqrt{5}}{2}\)(tmĐKXĐ)

Vậy \(x=\frac{1\pm\sqrt{5}}{2}\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{x^2-3x+2}=t\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow log_3\left(t+2\right)+5^{t^2-1}-2=0\)

Nhận thấy \(t=1\) là 1 nghiệm của pt

Xét hàm \(f\left(t\right)=log_3\left(t+2\right)+5^{t^2-1}-2\)

\(f'\left(t\right)=\dfrac{1}{\left(t+2\right)ln3}+2t.5^{t^2-1}.ln5>0\) ; \(\forall t\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow f\left(t\right)\) đồng biến \(\Rightarrow f\left(t\right)\) có tối đa 1 nghiệm

\(\Rightarrow t=1\) là nghiệm duy nhất

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x^2-3x+2}=1\)

\(\Rightarrow...\)