\(x\left(\sqrt{2019}+\sqrt{2018}\right)+y\left(\sqrt{2019}-\sqrt{2018}\right)=2019\sqrt{2019}+2018\sqrt{2018}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(\sqrt{2019}+\sqrt{2018}\right)+y\left(\sqrt{2019}-\sqrt{2018}\right)=2018\left(\sqrt{2019}+\sqrt{2018}\right)+\sqrt{2019}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x+y.\left(\sqrt{2019}-\sqrt{2018}\right)^2=2018+\sqrt{2019}\left(\sqrt{2019}-\sqrt{2018}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x+y\left(4037-2\sqrt{2019.2018}\right)=4037-\sqrt{2019.2018}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x+4037.y-4037=2y\sqrt{2019.2018}-\sqrt{2019.2018}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x+4037y-4037=\left(2y-1\right).\sqrt{2019.2018}\)(1)

Do \(x;y\) hữu tỉ \(\Rightarrow x+4037y-4037\) và \(2y-1\) đều là số hữu tỉ

Mà \(\sqrt{2019.2018}\) là số vô tỉ

\(\Rightarrow\)đẳng thức (1) xảy ra khi và chỉ khi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2y-1=0\\x+4037y-4037=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=\dfrac{1}{2}\\x=\dfrac{4037}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

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Lời giải thu được

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Lời giải:

\(\lim\limits_{x\to \pm\infty}\sqrt{x^2-3x+4}=\lim\limits_{x\to \pm\infty}\sqrt{x^2}.\lim\limits_{x\to \pm \infty}\sqrt{1-\frac{3}{x}+\frac{4}{x^2}}=\lim\limits_{x\to \pm\infty}|x|.1=+\infty \)

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\(\lim\limits_{x\to +\infty}x(\sqrt{x^2+5}+x)=\lim\limits_{x\to +\infty}x^2.\lim\limits_{x\to +\infty}(\sqrt{1+\frac{5}{x^2}}+1)=2(+\infty )=+\infty \)

\(\lim\limits_{x\to -\infty}x(\sqrt{x^2+5}+x)=\lim\limits_{x\to -\infty}\frac{5x}{\sqrt{x^2+5}-x}=\lim\limits_{x\to -\infty}\frac{-5}{\sqrt{1+\frac{5}{x^2}}+1}=\frac{-5}{2}\)

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\(\lim\limits_{x\to 2019}\frac{\sqrt{x+285}-48}{\sqrt{x-2018}-\sqrt{2020-x}}=\lim\limits_{x\to -\infty}(\sqrt{x+285}-48).\lim\limits_{x\to -\infty}\frac{1}{\sqrt{x-2018}-\sqrt{2020-x}}\)

\(=\lim\limits_{x\to 2019}\frac{x-2019}{\sqrt{x+285}+48}.\lim\limits_{x\to 2019}\frac{\sqrt{x-2018}+\sqrt{2020-x}}{2(x-2019)}=\lim\limits_{x\to 2019}\frac{\sqrt{x-2018}+\sqrt{2020-x}}{2(\sqrt{x+285}+48)}=\frac{1}{96}\)

Lời giải:

\(\lim\limits_{x\to \pm\infty}\sqrt{x^2-3x+4}=\lim\limits_{x\to \pm\infty}\sqrt{x^2}.\lim\limits_{x\to \pm \infty}\sqrt{1-\frac{3}{x}+\frac{4}{x^2}}=\lim\limits_{x\to \pm\infty}|x|.1=+\infty \)

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\(\lim\limits_{x\to +\infty}x(\sqrt{x^2+5}+x)=\lim\limits_{x\to +\infty}x^2.\lim\limits_{x\to +\infty}(\sqrt{1+\frac{5}{x^2}}+1)=2(+\infty )=+\infty \)

\(\lim\limits_{x\to -\infty}x(\sqrt{x^2+5}+x)=\lim\limits_{x\to -\infty}\frac{5x}{\sqrt{x^2+5}-x}=\lim\limits_{x\to -\infty}\frac{-5}{\sqrt{1+\frac{5}{x^2}}+1}=\frac{-5}{2}\)

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\(\lim\limits_{x\to 2019}\frac{\sqrt{x+285}-48}{\sqrt{x-2018}-\sqrt{2020-x}}=\lim\limits_{x\to -\infty}(\sqrt{x+285}-48).\lim\limits_{x\to -\infty}\frac{1}{\sqrt{x-2018}-\sqrt{2020-x}}\)

\(=\lim\limits_{x\to 2019}\frac{x-2019}{\sqrt{x+285}+48}.\lim\limits_{x\to 2019}\frac{\sqrt{x-2018}+\sqrt{2020-x}}{2(x-2019)}=\lim\limits_{x\to 2019}\frac{\sqrt{x-2018}+\sqrt{2020-x}}{2(\sqrt{x+285}+48)}=\frac{1}{96}\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2018-x=a\\x-2019=b\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow a+b=-1\Rightarrow b=-1-a\)

\(\frac{a^2+ab+b^2}{a^2-ab+b^2}=\frac{19}{49}\Leftrightarrow49\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)=19\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow15a^2+34ab+15b^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(5a+3b\right)\left(3a+5b\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}5a=-3b\\3a=-5b\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}5a=-3\left(-1-a\right)\\3a=-5\left(-1-a\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2a=3\\2a=-5\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=\frac{3}{2}\\a=-\frac{5}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2018-x=\frac{3}{2}\\2018-x=-\frac{5}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{4033}{2}\\x=\frac{4041}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>-(x+3)^2*(x-4)(x+12)=x^2-48x+576

=>-(x^2+6x+9)(x^2+8x-48)=x^2-48x+576

=>-x^4-14x^3-9x^2+216x+432=x^2-48x+576

=>x^4+14x^3+10x^2-264x+144=0

=>(x^2+4x-24)(x^2+10x-6)=0

=>\(x\in\left\{-5+\sqrt{31};-5-\sqrt{31};-2+2\sqrt{7};-2-2\sqrt{7}\right\}\)