Bài 24:

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:A+2HCl\rightarrow ACl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

Theo pthh: n_A = n_H2 = 0,15 (mol)

=> M_A = \(\dfrac{3,6}{0,15}=24\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\)

=> A là Mg

Bài 25:

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{10,08}{22,4}=0,45\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:2A+6HCl\rightarrow2ACl_3+3H_2\uparrow\\ Mol:0,3\leftarrow0,9\leftarrow0,3\leftarrow0,45\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}M_A=\dfrac{8,1}{0,3}=27\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\Rightarrow A:Al\\m_{HCl}=0,9.36,5=32,85\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bài 24.

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15mol\)

\(n_A=\dfrac{3,6}{M_A}\) mol

\(A+2HCl\rightarrow ACl_2+H_2\)

0,15                           0,15   ( mol )

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{3,6}{M_A}=0,15mol\)

\(\Leftrightarrow M_A=24\) ( g/mol )

=> A là Magie ( Mg )

Bài 25.

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{10,08}{22,4}=0,45mol\)

\(n_A=\dfrac{8,1}{M_A}\) mol

\(2A+6HCl\rightarrow2ACl_3+3H_2\)

0,3                                0,45  ( mol )

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{8,1}{M_A}=0,3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow M_A=27\) g/mol

=> A là nhôm ( Al )

Câu 3:

c, Từ phần trên, có n_H2 = n_Fe = 0,1 (mol)

\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Fe+3H_2O\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}>\dfrac{0,1}{3}\), ta được Fe₂O₃ dư.

Theo PT: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{15}\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=\dfrac{1}{15}.56=\dfrac{56}{15}\left(g\right)\)

a) \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: `Fe + 2HCl -> FeCl_2 + H_2`

            0,1-->0,2----->0,1------>0,1

`=> m_{FeCl_2} = 0,1.127 = 12,7 (g)`

b) `V_{H_2} = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24 (l)`

c) `n_{Fe_2O_3} = (16)/(160) = 0,1 (mol)`

PTHH: \(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2Fe+3H_2O\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(0,1>\dfrac{0,1}{3}\Rightarrow\) Fe₂O₃

Theo PT: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{2}{3}.n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{15}\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=\dfrac{1}{15}.56=\dfrac{56}{15}\left(g\right)\)

PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

            \(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\rightarrow2Fe+3H_2O\)

\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PTHH: \(n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=n_{FeCl_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{FeCl_2}=n.M=0,1.127=12,7\left(g\right)\)

\(V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=n.22,4=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)

\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Ta có: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}>\dfrac{0,1}{3}\)

=> sau pư, H₂ hết và Fe₂O₃ dư

=> theo \(n_{H_2}\)

Theo PTHH: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2}{3}.0,1=\dfrac{1}{15}\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(m_{Fe}=n.M=\dfrac{1}{15}.56=\dfrac{56}{15}\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{147.20\%}{98}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\\ n_{H_2}=n_{axit}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt:A_2O_3\\ A_2O_3+3H_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2A+3H_2O\\ n_{oxit}=\dfrac{n_{H_2}}{3}=\dfrac{0,3}{3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ M_{oxit}=\dfrac{16}{0,1}=160\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)=2M_A+48\\ \Rightarrow M_A=56\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\\ \Rightarrow A:Sắt\left(Fe=56\right)\\ \Rightarrow Oxit:Fe_2O_3\)

\(CT:Fe_xO_y\)

\(Fe_xO_y+yH_2\underrightarrow{^{t^o}}xFe+yH_2O\left(1\right)\)

\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\left(2\right)\)

\(n_{Fe}=n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=\dfrac{4.032}{22.4}=0.18\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=\dfrac{y}{x}\cdot n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5.376}{22.4}=0.24\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{y}{x}\cdot0.18=0.24\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{3}{4}\)

\(CT:Fe_3O_4\)

\(m_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{0.18}{3}\cdot232=13.92\left(g\right)\)

Câu 1: 

A₂O₃ + 3H₂ -t⁰-> 2A + 3H₂O

2A+48...................2A

16..........................11.2 

<=> 11.2 * (2A + 48) = 16 * 2A 

=> A = 56 

Vậy A là : Fe

n_H2 = 10.08/22.4 = 0.45 (mol) 

2M + 6HCl => 2MCl₃ + 3H₂

0.9...............................0.45 

M_M = 8.1/0.3 =  27

M là : Al

1.

3H2+A2O3----t°--}2A+3H2O

Gọi nH2=nH2O=a mol 

Áp dụng định luật bảo toàn khối lượng,ta có 

2a+16=11,2+18a

16a=4,8

a=0,3(mol)

Theo pt:

nA=2/3.nH2=2/3.0.3=0,2(mol)

MA=11,2/0,2=56(g/mol)

A Là Zn

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=\dfrac{40.9}{100}=3,6\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=9-3,6=5,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=\dfrac{3,6}{24}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

PTHH:

Mg + 2HCl ---> MgCl₂ + H₂

0,15 ------------------------> 0,15

2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

0,2 ---------------------------> 0,3

\(\rightarrow V_{H_2}=\left(0,15+0,3\right).22,4=10,08\left(l\right)\)

\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{6,48}{18}=0,36\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Fe_xO_y + yH₂ --t^o--> xFe + yH₂O

Theo pthh: \(n_{O\left(oxit\right)}=n_{H_2\left(pư\right)}=n_{H_2O}=0,36\left(mol\right)\)

\(\rightarrow m_{oxit}=15,12+16.0,36=20,88\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{15,12}{56}=0,27\left(mol\right)\)

CTHH: Fe_xO_y

=> x : y = 0,27 :  0,36 = 3 : 4

=> CTHH: Fe₃O₄ (oxit sắt từ)

mMg = 40%x9 = 3,6(g) =>nMg=3,6:24 = 0,15 (mol)
=> mAl = 9-3,6 = 5,4(g) => nAl = 5,4:27 = 0,2 (mol)
pthh : 2Al+6HCl -> 2AlCl3+3H2
         0,2                            0,3
        Mg+2HCl -> MgCl2 +H2
        0,15                          0,15 
=> nH2 = 0,15 + 0,3 = 0,45 (mol) 
=> VH2 = 0,45.22,4 = 10,08 (L) 
mH2 = 0,45 . 2 = 0,9 (mol) 
áp dụng BLBTKL  ta có : 
mH2 + moxit sắt = mFe + mH2O 
=> moxit sắt =  20,7 (g)