a) Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow27a+24b=1,26\)  (1)

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,344}{22,4}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)

Bảo toàn electron: \(3a+2b=0,12\)  (2)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=n_{Al}=0,02\left(mol\right)\\b=n_{Mg}=0,03\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,02\cdot27}{1,26}\cdot100\%\approx42,86\%\\\%m_{Mg}=57,14\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,02\left(mol\right)\\n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg}=0,03\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{AlCl_3}=0,02\cdot133,5=2,67\left(g\right)\\m_{MgCl_2}=0,03\cdot95=2,85\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Mặt khác: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddHCl}=40\cdot1,25=50\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,06\cdot2=0,12\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{KL}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=51,14\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{2,67}{51,14}\cdot100\%\approx5,22\%\\C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{2,85}{51,14}\cdot100\%\approx5,57\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

Câu 1:

Gọi số mol Al, Fe là a,b (mol)

=> 27a + 56b = 41,5

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{28}{22,4}=1,25\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

______a-------------------------->1,5a_______(mol)

Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl₂ + H₂

b---------------------------->b_______________(mol)

=> 1,5a + b = 1,25

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,5\\b=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{56.0,5}{41,5}.100\%=67,47\%\\\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{27.0,5}{41,5}.100\%=32,53\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

Câu 1:

Đặt \(n_{Al}=x(mol);n_{Fe}=y(mol)\Rightarrow 27x+56y=41,5(1)\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{28}{22,4}=1,25(mol)\\ PTHH:2Al+3H_2SO_4\to Al_2(SO_4)_3+3H_2\\ Fe+H_2SO_4\to FeSO_4+H_2\\ \Rightarrow 1,5x+y=1,25(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow x=y=0,5(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,5.56}{41,5}.100\%\approx 67,5\%\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Al}=100\%-67,5\%=32,5\%\)

Chọn D

Câu 2:

\(PTHH:Mg+2HCl\to MgCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{Mg}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,25.24}{27,6}.100\%=21,74\%\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Ag}=100\%-21,74\%=78,26\%\)

Chọn A

V = 0,1 : 0,5 = 0,2 (l)

_​                 a                       ->                 3/2a

Fe  + H₂SO₄  -> FeSO₄  + H₂

a                        ->             a

c

a,\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂

Mol:      x                                 x    

PTHH: Fe + 2HCl → FeCl₂ + H₂

Mol:      y                                 y

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65x+56y=30,7\\x+y=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,3\left(mol\right)\\y=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,3.65.100\%}{30,7}=63,52\%;\%m_{Fe}=100\%-63,52\%=36,48\%\)

b,

PTHH: Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂

Mol:     0,3     0,6                             

PTHH: Fe + 2HCl → FeCl₂ + H₂

Mol:     0,2     0,4

n_HCl = 0,6+0,4 = 1 (mol)

\(V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{1}{2}=0,5\left(l\right)=500\left(ml\right)\)

Gọi a, b lần lượt là mol của Al và Zn

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

a                                        1,5a

\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)

b                                       b

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+65b=9,2\\1,5a+b=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}\end{matrix}\right.\)                \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27}{9,2}.100\%=29,35\%\)

\(\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,1.65}{9,2}.100\%=70,35\%\)

b. \(n_{H_2}=0,25mol\)           \(\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=0,5mol\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,5.36,5=18,25g\)

Ta có:  \(10\%=\dfrac{18,25}{m_{dd}}.100\%\)

\(\Leftrightarrow m_{dd}=182,5g\)

Bảo toàn nguyên tố M: n_MSO4 = 0,25mol

Bảo toàn nguyên tố Cu: n_{CuSO4 dư} = 0,1 mol

=> M = 24 (Mg)

b.

gốc axit chỉ có SO3 hoặc SO₄   thôi

$a)PTHH:2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2$

$n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,04}{22,4}=0,225(mol)$

$\Rightarrow n_{Al}=0,15(mol)$

$\Rightarrow \%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,15.27}{9,45}.100\%\approx 42,86\%$

$\Rightarrow \%m_{Cu}=100-42,86=57,14\%$

$b)$ Theo PT: $n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,45(mol)$

$\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,45.110\%}{0,5}=0,99M$