2:

a: =>2x^2-4x-2=x^2-x-2

=>x^2-3x=0

=>x=0(loại) hoặc x=3

b: =>(x+1)(x+4)<0

=>-4<x<-1

d: =>x^2-2x-7=-x^2+6x-4

=>2x^2-8x-3=0

=>\(x=\dfrac{4\pm\sqrt{22}}{2}\)

ĐKXĐ: \(x\in R\)

\(3x^2-5x+6=2x\cdot\sqrt{x^2-x+2}\)

=>\(3x^2-6x+x-2+8=2\cdot\sqrt{x^4-x^3+2x^2}\)

=>\(\left(x-2\right)\left(3x+1\right)=2\cdot\left(\sqrt{x^4-x^3+2x^2}-4\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(3x+1\right)=2\cdot\dfrac{x^4-x^3+2x^2-16}{\sqrt{x^4-x^3+2x^2}+4}\)

=>\(\left(x-2\right)\left(3x+1\right)=2\cdot\dfrac{x^4-2x^3+x^3-2x^2+4x^2-8x+8x-16}{\sqrt{x^4-x^3+2x^2}+4}\)

=>\(\left(x-2\right)\left(3x+1\right)=\dfrac{2\left(x-2\right)\left(x^3+x^2+4x+8\right)}{\sqrt{x^4-x^3+2x^2}+4}\)

=>\(\left(x-2\right)\left[\left(3x+1\right)-\dfrac{2\left(x^3+x^2+4x+8\right)}{\sqrt{x^4-x^3+2x^2}+4}\right]=0\)

=>x-2=0

=>x=2(nhận)

\(3x^2-5x+6=2x\sqrt{x^2-x+2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[x^2-2x\sqrt{x^2-x+2}+\left(x^2-x+2\right)\right]+\left(x^2-4x+4\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\sqrt{x^2-x+2}\right)^2+\left(x-2\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\sqrt{x^2-x+2}\\x-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=2\)

Thử lại ta thấy nghiệm \(x=2\) thỏa phương trình ban đầu.

a, ĐK: \(x\le-1,x\ge3\)

\(pt\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^2-2x-3\right)+\sqrt{x^2-2x-3}-3=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2\sqrt{x^2-2x-3}+3\right).\left(\sqrt{x^2-2x-3}-1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2-2x-3}=-\dfrac{3}{2}\left(l\right)\\\sqrt{x^2-2x-3}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x-3=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x-4=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=1\pm\sqrt{5}\left(tm\right)\)

b, ĐK: \(-2\le x\le2\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{2+x}-2\sqrt{2-x}=t\Rightarrow t^2=10-3x-4\sqrt{4-x^2}\)

Khi đó phương trình tương đương:

\(3t-t^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=0\\t=3\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{2+x}-2\sqrt{2-x}=0\\\sqrt{2+x}-2\sqrt{2-x}=3\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2+x=8-4x\\2+x=17-4x+12\sqrt{2-x}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{6}{5}\left(tm\right)\\5x-15=12\sqrt{2-x}\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vì \(-2\le x\le2\Rightarrow5x-15< 0\Rightarrow\left(1\right)\) vô nghiệm

Vậy phương trình đã cho có nghiệm \(x=\dfrac{6}{5}\)

c, ĐK: \(0\le x\le9\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{9x-x^2}=t\left(0\le t\le\dfrac{9}{2}\right)\)

\(pt\Leftrightarrow9+2\sqrt{9x-x^2}=-x^2+9x+m\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-\left(-x^2+9x\right)+2\sqrt{9x-x^2}+9=m\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-t^2+2t+9=m\)

Khi \(m=9,pt\Leftrightarrow-t^2+2t=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=0\\t=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}9x-x^2=0\\9x-x^2=4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\left(tm\right)\\x=9\left(tm\right)\\x=\dfrac{9\pm\sqrt{65}}{2}\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Phương trình đã cho có nghiệm khi phương trình \(m=f\left(t\right)=-t^2+2t+9\) có nghiệm

\(\Leftrightarrow minf\left(t\right)\le m\le maxf\left(t\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-\dfrac{9}{4}\le m\le10\)

ĐKXĐ: $x \geq 2$

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x-4\right).\sqrt{x-2}-2\left(x-4\right)+\left(x-2\right)\sqrt{x+1}-2\left(x-2\right)+6x-18=0\\ \Leftrightarrow2.\left(x-4\right).\dfrac{x-3}{\sqrt{x-2}+1}+\left(x-2\right).\dfrac{x-3}{\sqrt{x+1}+2}+6.\left(x-3\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)\left(\dfrac{2.\left(x-4\right)}{\sqrt{x-2}+1}+\dfrac{x-2}{\sqrt{x+1}+2}+6=0\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow x=3\)

Vì \(\dfrac{2.\left(x-4\right)}{\sqrt{x-2}+1}+\dfrac{x-2}{\sqrt{x+1}+2}+6=\dfrac{2\left(x-4\right)+4.\sqrt{x-2}+4}{\sqrt{x-2}+1}+\dfrac{x-2}{\sqrt{x+1}+2}+2\\ =\dfrac{2\left(x-2\right)+4.\sqrt{x-2}}{\sqrt{x-2}+1}+\dfrac{x-2}{\sqrt{x+1}+2}+2>0\)

Vậy....

Tự đặt điều kiện :v

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\sqrt{x^2-4}+2x=0\)

Đặt \(\left(x;\sqrt{x^2-4}\right)=\left(a;b\right)\)

Phương trình đã cho tương đương với hệ

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2b+2a=0\\b^2+4=a^2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a\left(ab+2\right)=0\\a^2-b^2=4\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=0\\ab+2=0\end{matrix}\right.\\a^2-b^2=4\end{matrix}\right.\)

Tự giải tiếp các TH

ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge-\dfrac{4}{5}\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{5x+4}=t\ge0\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{t^2-4}{5}\)

Pt trở thành:

\(\dfrac{t^2-4}{5}-t=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow t^2-5t-14=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=7\\t=-2< 0\left(loại\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{5x+4}=7\)

\(\Rightarrow5x+4=49\)

\(\Rightarrow x=9\)

ĐK: \(x\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(pt\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}-1+\sqrt{2x-1}-1+x^2+x-2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x-1}{\sqrt{x}+1}+\dfrac{2x-2}{\sqrt{2x-1}+1}+\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}+1}+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{2x-1}+1}+x+2\right)\left(x-1\right)=0\)

Vì \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}+1}+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{2x-1}+1}+x+2>0\) nên \(x-1=0\Leftrightarrow x=1\left(tm\right)\)