Áp dụng bdt cosi-schwar cho 3 số (\(\left(am+bn+cp\right)^2\le\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)\(\left(m^2+n^2+p^2\right)\)

với a=x,b=y\(\sqrt{2}\);c=z\(\sqrt{5}\);  m=\(\sqrt{11-2y^2},n=\sqrt{3-5z^2}\),\(p=\sqrt{2-x^2}\)

8²\(\le\left(x^2+2y^2+5z^2\right)\left(11-2y^2+3-5z^2+1-x^2\right)\)  <=>64\(\le P\left(16-P\right)\)

<=>P²-16P+64\(\le0< =>\left(P-8\right)^2\le0\)  <=>P=8

\(2x^2+2xy+5y^2=\left(x+2y\right)^2+\left(x-y\right)^2\ge\left(x+2y\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{x+2y}{3x+y+5z}+\dfrac{y+2z}{3y+z+5x}+\dfrac{z+2x}{3x+x+5y}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{\left(x+2y\right)^2}{\left(x+2y\right)\left(3x+y+5z\right)}+\dfrac{\left(y+2z\right)^2}{\left(y+2z\right)\left(3y+z+5x\right)}+\dfrac{\left(z+2x\right)^2}{\left(z+2x\right)\left(3x+x+5y\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{\left(x+2y\right)^2}{3x^2+2y^2+7xy+5xz+10yz}+\dfrac{\left(y+2z\right)^2}{3y^2+2z^2+7yz+5xy+10xz}+\dfrac{\left(z+2x\right)^2}{3z^2+2x^2+7xz+5yz+10xy}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{\left(x+2y+y+2z+z+2x\right)^2}{5\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+22\left(xy+xz+yz\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{9\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{5\left(x+y+z\right)^2+12\left(xy+xz+yz\right)}\ge\dfrac{9\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{5\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\dfrac{12\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge1\)

\(\Rightarrow P_{min}=1\) khi \(x=y=z\)

cm bđt phụ \(5x^2+6xy+5y^2\ge4\left(x+y\right)^2\)nhé

Ta có: \(\sqrt{5x^2+6xy+5y^2}=\sqrt{4\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x-y\right)^2}\ge\sqrt{4\left(x+y\right)^2}=2\left(x+y\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{\sqrt{5x^2+6xy+5y^2}}{x+y+2z}\ge\frac{2\left(x+y\right)}{x+y+2z}\)(1)

Tương tự, ta có: \(\frac{\sqrt{5y^2+6yz+5z^2}}{y+z+2x}\ge\frac{2\left(y+z\right)}{y+z+2x}\)(2); \(\frac{\sqrt{5z^2+6zx+5x^2}}{z+x+2y}\ge\frac{2\left(z+x\right)}{z+x+2y}\)(3)

Cộng theo vế của 3 BĐT (1), (2), (3), ta được: \(\frac{\sqrt{5x^2+6xy+5y^2}}{x+y+2z}+\frac{\sqrt{5y^2+6yz+5z^2}}{y+z+2x}+\frac{\sqrt{5z^2+6zx+5x^2}}{z+x+2y}\)\(\ge2\left[\frac{x+y}{\left(y+z\right)+\left(z+x\right)}+\frac{y+z}{\left(z+x\right)+\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{z+x}{\left(x+y\right)+\left(y+z\right)}\right]\)

Đặt \(x+y=a;y+z=b;z+x=c\)thì \(\frac{x+y}{\left(y+z\right)+\left(z+x\right)}+\frac{y+z}{\left(z+x\right)+\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{z+x}{\left(x+y\right)+\left(y+z\right)}\)\(=\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\)

Nhưng ta có BĐT Nesbitt quen thuộc sau: \(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)

Thật vậy: 

(Bài này mình đã làm nhiều rồi nha nên ngại đánh lại, đây là bất đẳng thức có rất nhiều cách chứng minh nhưng mình nghĩ dồn biến là cách hay và đẹp nhất nha! Có thể tham khảo nhiều cách khác trên mạng, vô thống kê hỏi đáp của mình xem ảnh)

Như vậy: \(\frac{\sqrt{5x^2+6xy+5y^2}}{x+y+2z}+\frac{\sqrt{5y^2+6yz+5z^2}}{y+z+2x}+\frac{\sqrt{5z^2+6zx+5x^2}}{z+x+2y}\)\(\ge2\left[\frac{x+y}{\left(y+z\right)+\left(z+x\right)}+\frac{y+z}{\left(z+x\right)+\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{z+x}{\left(x+y\right)+\left(y+z\right)}\right]\)\(\ge2.\frac{3}{2}=3\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = z

Lời giải:

Ta có: \(5x^2+6xy+5y^2=3(x^2+y^2+2xy)+2(x^2+y^2)\)

\(=3(x+y)^2+2(x^2+y^2)\geq 3(x+y)^2+(x+y)^2\) (theo BĐT AM-GM)

\(\Leftrightarrow 5x^2+6xy+5y^2\geq 4(x+y)^2\Rightarrow \sqrt{5x^2+6xy+5y^2}\geq 2(x+y)\)

Thực hiện tương tự với những biểu thức còn lại suy ra:

\(P\geq \frac{2(x+y)}{x+y+2z}+\frac{2(y+z)}{y+z+2x}+\frac{2(z+x)}{z+x+2y}\)

\(P\geq 2\left(\frac{x+y}{x+y+2z}+\frac{y+z}{y+z+2x}+\frac{z+x}{z+x+2y}\right)=2\left(\frac{(x+y)^2}{(x+y+2z)(x+y)}+\frac{(y+z)^2}{(y+z+2x)(y+z)}+\frac{(z+x)^2}{(z+x+2y)(z+x)}\right)\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:

\(P\geq 2.\frac{(x+y+y+z+z+x)^2}{(x+y+2z)(x+y)+(y+z+2x)(y+z)+(z+x+2y)(z+x)}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow P\geq 2. \frac{4(x+y+z)^2}{2(x+y+z)^2+2(xy+yz+xz)}=\frac{4(x+y+z)^2}{(x+y+z)^2+xy+yz+xz}\)

\(\geq \frac{4(x+y+z)^2}{(x+y+z)^2+\frac{(x+y+z)^2}{3}}=3\) (theo AM-GM \(xy+yz+xz\leq \frac{(x+y+z)^2}{3}\))

Vậy \(P\geq 3\Leftrightarrow P_{\min}=3\)

Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\)

Ta có: \(5x^2+6xy+5y^2=4\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x-y\right)^2\ge4\left(x+y\right)^2\)

tương tự: \(5y^2+6yz+5z^2\ge4\left(y+z\right)^2\) ;\(5z^2+6xz+5z^2\ge4\left(x+z\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{2\left(x+y\right)}{x+y+2z}+\dfrac{2\left(y+z\right)}{y+z+2x}+\dfrac{2\left(x+z\right)}{x+z+2y}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{P}{2}\ge\dfrac{x+y}{x+y+2z}+\dfrac{y+z}{y+z+2x}+\dfrac{x+z}{x+z+2y}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{P}{2}\ge\dfrac{x+y}{\left(x+z\right)+\left(y+z\right)}+\dfrac{y+z}{\left(x+y\right)+\left(x+z\right)}+\dfrac{x+z}{\left(x+y\right)+\left(y+z\right)}\)Theo BDT Nesbit

\(\dfrac{x+y}{\left(x+z\right)+\left(y+z\right)}+\dfrac{y+z}{\left(x+y\right)+\left(x+z\right)}+\dfrac{x+z}{\left(x+y\right)+\left(y+z\right)}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)

Vậy \(\dfrac{P}{2}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\Leftrightarrow P\ge3\)

Min P = 3 khi x = y = z

\(1=2\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{xz}\le x+y+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+z\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(3x+2y+z\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow3x+2y+z\ge2\)

BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương:

\(\dfrac{5xy}{z}+\dfrac{4xz}{y}+\dfrac{3yz}{x}\ge4\)

Ta có:

\(VT=3\left(\dfrac{xy}{z}+\dfrac{xz}{y}\right)+2\left(\dfrac{xy}{z}+\dfrac{yz}{x}\right)+\left(\dfrac{xz}{y}+\dfrac{yz}{x}\right)\)

\(VT\ge3.2\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2yz}{yz}}+2.2\sqrt{\dfrac{xy^2z}{xz}}+2\sqrt{\dfrac{xyz^2}{xy}}=2\left(3x+2y+z\right)\ge2.2=4\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{3}\)