a: Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

\(\dfrac{x}{4}=\dfrac{y}{-5}=\dfrac{-3x+2y}{-12-10}=\dfrac{55}{-22}=\dfrac{-5}{2}\)

Do đó: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{-20}{2}=-10\\y=\dfrac{25}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

b: Ta có: \(\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{-7}{4}\)

nên \(\dfrac{x}{-7}=\dfrac{y}{4}\)

Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

\(\dfrac{x}{-7}=\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{4x-5y}{-28-20}=\dfrac{72}{-48}=\dfrac{-3}{2}\)

Do đó: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{21}{2}\\y=\dfrac{-12}{2}=-6\end{matrix}\right.\)

c) \(\dfrac{x}{-3}=\dfrac{y}{8}\)   

⇒\(\dfrac{x^2}{-9}=\dfrac{y^2}{64}\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\dfrac{x^2}{-9}=\dfrac{y^2}{64}=-\dfrac{44}{\dfrac{5}{-9+64}}=-\dfrac{44}{\dfrac{5}{55}}=-484\)

 a) Ta thấy \(xy=\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2-\left(x^2+y^2\right)}{2}=\dfrac{3^2-5}{2}=2\)

\(\Rightarrow x^3+y^3=\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+y^2-xy\right)\) \(=3\left(5-2\right)=9\)

 b) Ta thấy \(xy=\dfrac{-\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(x^2+y^2\right)}{2}=\dfrac{15-5^2}{2}=-5\)

\(\Rightarrow x^3-y^3=\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+y^2+xy\right)\) \(=5\left(15-5\right)=50\)

a: \(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)\)

\(=74\cdot100=7400\)

c: \(=\left(x+2\right)^3\)

\(=10^3=1000\)

a) \(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)\)

    Thay \(x=87;y=13\) ta đc:   \(\left(87-13\right)\left(87+13\right)=74\cdot100=7400\)

b)\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)=x^3-y^3\)

   Thay \(x=10;y=-1\) ta đc:

    \(10^3-\left(-1\right)^3=1000-1=999\)

c)\(=\left(x+2\right)^3\)

   Thay \(x=8\) ta đc: \(\left(8+2\right)^3=10^3=1000\)

d)\(=x^2-8x+16+1=\left(x-4\right)^2+1\)

   Thay \(x=104\) ta đc: \(\left(104-4\right)^2+1=100^2+1=10001\)

a) \(\dfrac{1}{x^3-8}=\dfrac{1}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2+2x+4\right)}=\dfrac{2}{2\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2+2x+4\right)}\)

\(\dfrac{3}{4-2x}=\dfrac{-3}{2\left(x-2\right)}=\dfrac{-3\left(x^2+2x+4\right)}{2\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2+2x+4\right)}\)

b) \(\dfrac{x}{x^2-1}=\dfrac{x}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)}=\dfrac{x\left(x+1\right)}{\left(x+1\right)^2\left(x-1\right)}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{x^2+2x+1}=\dfrac{1}{\left(x+1\right)^2}=\dfrac{x-1}{\left(x+1\right)^2\left(x-1\right)}\)

c) \(\dfrac{1}{x+2}=\dfrac{\left(x-2\right)^2}{\left(x+2\right)\left(x-2\right)^2}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{x^2-4x+4}=\dfrac{1}{\left(x-2\right)^2}=\dfrac{x+2}{\left(x+2\right)\left(x-2\right)^2}\)

\(\dfrac{5}{2-x}=\dfrac{-5}{x-2}=\dfrac{-5\left(x+2\right)\left(x-2\right)}{\left(x+2\right)\left(x-2\right)^2}\)

d) \(\dfrac{1}{3x+3y}=\dfrac{1}{3\left(x+y\right)}=\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)^2}{3\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y\right)^2}\)

\(\dfrac{2x}{x^2-y^2}=\dfrac{2x}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y\right)}=\dfrac{6x\left(x-y\right)}{3\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y\right)^2}\)

\(\dfrac{x^2-xy+y^2}{x^2-2xy+y^2}=\dfrac{x^2-xy+y^2}{\left(x-y\right)^2}=\dfrac{3\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}{3\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y\right)^2}=\dfrac{3\left(x^3+y^3\right)}{3\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y\right)^2}\)

1) 

Ta có: x+y=2

nên \(\left(x+y\right)^2=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+2xy=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2xy=2\)

hay xy=1

Ta có: \(x^3+y^3\)

\(=\left(x+y\right)^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)\)

\(=2^3-3\cdot1\cdot2\)

=2

2)\(x^2+y^2=\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy=8^2-2\cdot\left(-20\right)=104\)

\(x^3+y^3=\left(x+y\right)^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)=8^3-3\cdot\left(-20\right)\cdot8=512+480=992\)

\(x^2+y^2+xy=\left(x+y\right)^2-xy=8^2-\left(-20\right)=64+20=84\)

Lời giải:

a. Đặt $y=kx$ với $k$ là hệ số tỉ lệ. $k$ cố định.

Có:

$\frac{1}{9}=y_2=kx_2=3k\Rightarrow k=\frac{1}{9}:3=\frac{1}{27}$

Vậy $y=\frac{1}{27}x$

$y_1=\frac{1}{27}x_1$

Thay $y_1=\frac{-3}{5}$ thì: $\frac{-3}{5}=\frac{1}{27}x_1$

$\Rightarrow x_1=\frac{-3}{5}: \frac{1}{27}=-16,2$

b. Đặt $y=kx$

$y_1=kx_1$

$\Rightarrow -2=k.5\Rightarrow k=\frac{-2}{5}$
Vậy $y=\frac{-2}{5}x$.

$\Rightarrow y_2=\frac{-2}{5}x_2$

Thay vào điều kiện $y_2-x_2=-7$ thì:

$\frac{-2}{5}x_2-x_2=-7$

$\Leftrightarrow \farc{-7}{5}x_2=-7\Leftrightarrow x_2=5$

$y_2=\frac{-2}{5}x_2=\frac{-2}{5}.5=-2$