a, \(MgCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Mg\left(OH\right)_2+2NaCl\)

\(Mg\left(OH\right)_2\underrightarrow{t^o}MgO+H_2O\)

b, \(n_{MgCl_2}=0,2.0,25=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

 Theo PT: \(n_{MgO}=n_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{MgCl_2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{MgO}=0,05.40=2\left(g\right)\)

c, \(n_{NaOH}=2n_{MgCl_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{0,1.40}{15\%}=\dfrac{80}{3}\left(g\right)\)

PTHH: \(CuCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Cu\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow\)

            \(Cu\left(OH\right)_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}CuO+H_2O\)

Ta có: \(n_{CuCl_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)=n_{CuO}\\n_{NaOH}=0,4\left(mol\right)=n_{NaCl}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,2\cdot98=19,6\left(g\right)\\m_{CuO}=0,2\cdot80=16\left(g\right)\\m_{NaCl}=0,4\cdot58,5=23,4\left(g\right)\\C\%_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,4\cdot40}{200}\cdot100\%=8\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

PT: \(CuSO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+Cu\left(OH\right)_2\)

\(Cu\left(OH\right)_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CuO+H_2O\)

\(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)

a, 400 ml NaOH 0,25M

Ta có: n_NaOH = 0,4.0,25 = 0,1 (mol)

Theo PT: \(n_{Cu}=n_{CuO}=n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

⇒ m_CuSO4 = 0,05.160 = 8 (g)

m_{Cu (LT)} = 0,05.64 = 3,2 (g)

\(\Rightarrow H=\dfrac{2,56}{3,2}.100\%=80\%\)

b, 200 ml dd NaOH 0,5M

Ta có: n_NaOH = 0,2.0,5 = 0,1 (mol)

Theo PT: \(n_{Cu}=n_{CuO}=n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

⇒ m_CuSO4 = 0,05.160 = 8 (g)

m_{Cu (LT)} = 0,05.64 = 3,2 (g) 

\(\Rightarrow H=\dfrac{2,56}{3,2}.100\%=80\%\)

\(n_{CuSO_4}=2.0,34=0,68(mol)\\ a,CuSO_4+2NaOH\to Na_2SO_4+Cu(OH)_2\downarrow\\ Cu(OH)_2\xrightarrow{t^o}CuO+H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{Cu(OH)_2}=0,68(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Cu(OH)_2}=0,68.98=66,64(g)\\ b,n_{CuO}=0,68(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CuO}=0,68.80=54,4(g)\\ c,V_{dd_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{200}{1,25}=160(ml)\\ n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{200.32\%}{100\%.40}=1,6(mol)\)

Vì \(\dfrac{n_{CuSO_4}}{1}<\dfrac{n_{NaOH}}{2}\) nên \(NaOH\) dư

\(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH(dư)}=1,6-0,68.2=0,24(mol); n_{Na_2SO_4}=0,68(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \begin{cases} C_{M_{NaOH(dư)}}=\dfrac{0,24}{0,16}=1,5M\\ C_{M_{Na_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,68}{0,16}=4,25M \end{cases}\)

\(n_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{200.16}{160.100}=0,2mol\)

\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{200.10}{40.100}=0,5mol\)

CuSO₄+2NaOH\(\rightarrow\)Cu(OH)₂\(\downarrow\)+Na₂SO₄

-Ta có tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,5}{2}\rightarrow\)CuSO₄ hết, NaOH dư.

Cu(OH)₂\(\overset{t^0}{\rightarrow}\)CuO+H₂O

\(n_{CuO}=n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{CuSO_4}=0,2mol\)

a=\(m_{CuO}=0,2.80=16gam\)

\(m_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,2.98=19,6gam\)

\(n_{NaOH\left(pu\right)}=2n_{CuSO_4}=0,4mol\rightarrow n_{NaOH\left(dư\right)}=0,5-0,4=0,1mol\)

\(m_{NaOH\left(dư\right)}=0,1.40=4gam\)

\(n_{Na_2SO_4}=n_{CuSO_4}=0,2mol\rightarrow m_{Na_2SO_4}=0,2.136=27,2gam\)

\(m_{dd}=200+200-19,6=380,4gam\)

C%_NaOH=\(\dfrac{4.100}{380,4}\approx1,05\%\)

C%Na₂SO₄=\(\dfrac{27,2.100}{380,4}\approx7,15\%\)

\(n_{CuCl_2}=2.0,2=0,4(mol)\\ n_{NaOH}=2.0,2=0,4(mol)\\ a,CuCl_2+2NaOH\to Cu(OH)_2+2NaCl\\ Cu(OH)_2\xrightarrow{t^o}CuO+H_2O\\ b,\dfrac{n_{CuCl_2}}{1}>\dfrac{n_{NaOH}}{2}\Rightarrow CuCl_2\text{ dư}\\ \Rightarrow n_{CuO}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CuO}=0,2.80=16(g)\\ c,n_{CuCl_2(dư)}=0,4-0,2=0,2(mol)\\n_{NaCl}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CuCl_2(dư)}=0,2.135=27(g)\\ m_{NaCl}=0,2.58,5=11,7(g)\)