5

a. Theo t/c dãy tỉ số = nhau:

\(\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{5}=\frac{x+y}{2+5}=\frac{42}{7}=6\)

=>\(\frac{x}{2}=6\Rightarrow x=6.2=12\)

=>\(\frac{y}{5}=6\Rightarrow y=6.5=30\)

Vậy x=12; y=30.

b. \(\left|x-0,25\right|-\frac{5}{6}=1\frac{2}{3}\)

=> \(\left|x-0,25\right|=1\frac{2}{3}+\frac{5}{6}\)

=> \(\left|x-0,25\right|=\frac{5}{2}=2,5\)

+) x-0,25=2,5

=> x=2,5+0,25

=> x=2,75

+) x-0,25=-2,5

=> x=-2,5+0,25

=> x=-2,25

Vậy x \(\in\){-2,25; 2,75}.

c. y=kx

=> -17=k.8

=> k=-17/8

Vậy hệ số tỉ lệ là -17/8.

a) \(\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{5}=\frac{x+y}{2+5}=\frac{42}{7}=6\)

=> x=12   ;   y = 30

b)  \(\left|x-0,25\right|-\frac{5}{6}=1\frac{2}{3}=>\left|x-0,25\right|=\frac{5}{3}+\frac{5}{6}=\frac{5}{2}=2,5\)

=> x-0,25 = 2,5    hoac:  -2,5

=> x = 2,75      hoac x= -2,25

Vay: x la { 2,75  ;   -2,25 }

c) Ti le gi vay ban.

Neu thuan thi he so ti le la: \(-\frac{17}{8}\)

Neu nghich thi he so ti le la : -136

Bài 1: Tìm x, y, z

\(\frac{x}{3}=\frac{y}{4}=>\frac{x}{3\times3}=\frac{y}{4\times3}=>\frac{x}{9}=\frac{y}{12}\)

\(\frac{y}{3}=\frac{z}{5}=>\frac{y}{3.4}=\frac{z}{5.4}=>\frac{y}{12}=\frac{z}{20}\)

=> \(\frac{x}{9}=\frac{y}{12}=\frac{z}{20}\)

- Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\frac{x}{9}=\frac{y}{12}=\frac{z}{20}\) -> \(\frac{2x}{2\times9}=\frac{3y}{3\times12}=\frac{z}{20}\) -> \(\frac{2x}{18}=\frac{3y}{36}=\frac{z}{20}\)

-> \(\frac{2x-3y+z}{18-36+20}=\frac{6}{2}=3\)

\(\frac{x}{9}=3\rightarrow x=27\)

\(\frac{y}{12}=3\rightarrow y=36\)

\(\frac{z}{20}=3\rightarrow z=60\)

Vậy x = 27 ; y = 36 ; z = 60

Bài 2 : Tìm x, y:

5x = 2y và x.y = 40

Vì 5x = 2y => \(\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{5}\)

Cách 1:

\(\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{5}\) và x.y = 40

Đặt \(\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{5}\) = k

=> x = 2.k ; y = 5.k

x.y = 40 -> 2k = 5k = 40

-> 10 . \(k^2\) = 40

-> \(k^2\) = 4 -> k = 2 hoặc k = -2

k = 4 ta có : \(\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{5}=2->x=4;y=10\)

k = -4 ta có : \(\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{5}=-2->x=-4;y=-10\)

Cách 2:

\(\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{5}->\frac{x.x}{2}=\frac{x.y}{5}->\frac{x^2}{2}=\frac{40}{5}=\frac{x^2}{2}=8\)

=> \(x^2\) = 8 . 2 = 16 -> x = 4 hoặc -4

x = 4 -> 4.y = 40 => y = 10

x = -4 -> (-4).y = 40 => y = -10

Vậy x = 4 hoặc -4

y = 10 hoặc -10

\(\frac{x}{3}=\frac{y}{4}\Rightarrow\frac{x}{9}=\frac{y}{12}\left(1\right)\\\frac{y}{3}=\frac{z}{5}\Rightarrow\frac{y}{12}=\frac{z}{15}\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1),(2) suy ra \(\frac{x}{9}=\frac{y}{12}=\frac{z}{15}\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau:

\(\frac{x}{9}=\frac{y}{12}=\frac{z}{15}=\frac{2x}{18}=\frac{-3y}{-36}=\frac{z}{15}=\frac{2x-3y+z}{18-\left(-36\right)+15}=\frac{6}{69}=\frac{2}{23}\)Suy ra x =\(\frac{2}{23}\cdot9=\frac{18}{23}\)

\(y=\frac{2}{23}\cdot12=\frac{24}{23}\\ z=\frac{2}{23}.15=\frac{30}{23}\)

\(1.\)

\(\frac{x}{3}=\frac{y}{4}\Rightarrow\frac{x}{9}=\frac{y}{12}\left(1\right)\)

\(\frac{y}{3}=\frac{z}{5}\Rightarrow\frac{y}{12}=\frac{z}{20}\) \(\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\) \(\frac{x}{9}=\frac{y}{12}=\frac{z}{20}\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:

\(\frac{x}{9}=\frac{y}{12}=\frac{z}{20}=\frac{2x}{18}=\frac{3y}{36}=\frac{2x-3y+z}{18-36+20}=\frac{6}{2}=3\)

\(\frac{x}{9}=3\Rightarrow x=3.9=27\)

\(\frac{y}{12}=3\Rightarrow y=3.12=36\)

\(\frac{z}{20}=3\Rightarrow z=3.20=60\)

Vậy x = 27; y = 36 và z = 60

ĐK: \(x\ge-1;y\ge0\)

\(x+y+\sqrt{8y}+5=4\sqrt{x+1}+\sqrt{2}\sqrt{xy+y}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(x+1-4\sqrt{x+1}+4\right)-\left(\sqrt{x+1}\sqrt{2y}-2\sqrt{2y}\right)+y=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(\sqrt{x+1}-2\right)^2-\sqrt{2y}\left(\sqrt{x+1}-2\right)+y=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(\sqrt{x+1}-2\right)^2-2\sqrt{\frac{y}{2}}\left(\sqrt{x+1}-2\right)+\frac{y}{2}+\frac{y}{2}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(\sqrt{x+1}-\frac{y}{2}-2\right)^2+\frac{y}{2}=0\)

Có: \(\left(\sqrt{x+1}-\frac{y}{2}-2\right)^2+\frac{y}{2}\ge0\) ( do \(y\ge0\) ) 

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{x+1}-\frac{y}{2}-2=0\\\frac{y}{2}=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=3\\y=0\end{cases}}\)

... 

\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{25}{y}\ge\frac{\left(1+5\right)^2}{x+y}\ge\frac{6^2}{6}=6\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x+y=6\) và \(\frac{1}{x}=\frac{5}{y}=\frac{1+5}{x+y}=\frac{6}{6}=1\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(x=1;y=5\)