a) \(4Al+3O_2-^{t^o}\rightarrow2Al_2O_3\)

Bảo toàn khối lượng : \(m_{O_2}=12,24-8,1=4,14\left(g\right)\)

=>\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{207}{1600}\left(mol\right)\)

Vì O₂ chiếm 20% thể tích không khí

 \(V_{kk}=\dfrac{\dfrac{207}{1600}.22,4}{20\%}=14,49\left(lít\right)\)

b) \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{8,1}{27}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

Lập tỉ lệ : \(\dfrac{0,3}{4}>\dfrac{\dfrac{207}{1600}}{3}\)

=> Sau phản ứng Al dư

\(n_{Al\left(pứ\right)}=\dfrac{207}{1600}.\dfrac{4}{3}=0,1725\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(H=\dfrac{0,1725}{0,3}.100=57,5\%\)

c) D gồm Al2O3 và Al dư

\(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{O_2}=\dfrac{69}{800}\left(mol\right);n_{Al\left(dư\right)}=0,3-0,1725=0,1275\left(mol\right)\)

\(Al_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2O\)

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

\(\Sigma n_{HCl}=\dfrac{69}{800}.6+0,1275.3=0,9\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(m_{HCl}=0,9.36,5=32,85\left(g\right)\)

PTHH: \(Cu_2S+2O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2CuO+SO_2\)

a) Ta có: \(n_{Cu_2S}=\dfrac{100}{160}=0,625\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_{O_2\left(lýthuyết\right)}=1,25\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{O_2\left(thực\right)}=\dfrac{1,25\cdot22,4}{96\%}\approx29,17\left(l\right)\)

b) Sửa đề: "Tính khối lượng KMnO₄ để hấp thụ hết SO₂"

PTHH: \(5SO_2+2KMnO_4+2H_2O\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2MnSO_4+2H_2SO_4\)

Ta có: \(n_{SO_2\left(thực\right)}=n_{Cu_2S}\cdot96\%=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{KMnO_4}=0,24\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{KMnO_4}=0,24\cdot158=37,92\left(g\right)\)

c) PTHH: \(SO_2+\dfrac{1}{2}O_2\xrightarrow[V_2O_5]{t^o}SO_3\)

Theo PTHH: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{SO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{kk}=\dfrac{0,3\cdot22,4}{21\%}=32\left(l\right)\)

d) Bảo toàn nguyên tố Lưu huỳnh: \(n_{H_2SO_4\left(lýthuyết\right)}=n_{SO_2\left(thực\right)}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4\left(thực\right)}=0,3\cdot85\%=0,255\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,255\cdot98}{10\%}=249,9\left(g\right)\)

a, 2Mg + O₂ \(\underrightarrow{t^o}\) 2MgO

b, \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2mol\)

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{0,2}{2}=0,1mol\)

\(m_{O_2}=0,1.32=3,2g\)

\(V_{O_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24l\)

c, Cách 1:

\(Theo.ĐLBTKL,ta.có:\\ m_{Mg}+m_{O_2}=m_{MgO}\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{MgO}=4,8+3,2=8g\)

Cách 2:

\(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{0,2.2}{2}=0,2mol\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{MgO}=0,2.40=8g\)

\(n_P=\dfrac{3.1}{31}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{2.24}{22.4}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)

\(4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t^0}2P_2O_5\)

\(0.08......0.1......0.04\)

\(m_{rắn}=m_{P\left(dư\right)}+m_{P_2O_5}=\left(0.1-0.08\right)\cdot31+0.04\cdot142=6.3\left(g\right)\)

\(n_P=\dfrac{6,2}{31}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2P_2O_5\\ LTL:\dfrac{0,2}{4}< \dfrac{0,4}{5}\Rightarrow O_2dư\)

\(n_{O_2\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{5}{4}n_P=\dfrac{5}{4}.0,2=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ n_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=0,4-0,25=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{P_2O_5\left(lt\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_P=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ m_{P_2O_5\left(lt\right)}=0,1.142=14,2\left(g\right)\\ m_{P_2O_5\left(tt\right)}=0,1.142.80\%=11,36\left(g\right)\)

2KMnO₄ (63/316 mol) \(\underrightarrow{t^o}\) K₂MnO₄ + MnO₂\(\downarrow\) + O₂\(\uparrow\) (63/632 mol).

a. Thể tích khí oxi thu được ở đktc là:

V=63/632.22,4=882/395 (lít).

b. Số mol khí oxi phản ứng là (14,4-11,2)/32=0,1 (mol) > 63/632 (mol).

Kết luận: Giả thiết câu b không xảy ra.

n_Fe = 16.8/56 = 0.3 (mol) 

3Fe + 2O₂ -to-> Fe₃O₄ 

0.3......0.2...........0.1

VO2 = 0.2*22.4 = 4.48 (l) 

mFe3O4 = 0.1*232 = 23.2 (g) 

a, Theo giả thiết ta có: \(n_P=\dfrac{3,1}{31}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(4P+5O_2--t^o->2P_2O_5\)

Ta có: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{5}{4}.n_P=0,125\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,125.22,4=2,8\left(l\right)\)

b, Theo giả thiết ta có: \(n_{CH_4}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

\(CH_4+2O_2--t^o->CO_2+2H_2O\)

Ta có: \(n_{O_2}=2.n_{CH_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=2,24\left(l\right)\)