\(P=x^2+4y^2-4x+4y+2021\)

\(=\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+\left(4y^2+4y+1\right)+2016\)

\(=\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(2y+1\right)^2+2016\ge2016\)

\(P_{min}=2016\Leftrightarrow x=2;y=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)

A = (2x - 1)² + (y + 2)² + 15 ≥ 15.

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi 2x - 1 = 0 và y + 2 = 0   <=> x = 1/2 và y = -2.

Vậy GTNN của A là 15.

b) Ta có: \(B=x^2+2x+y^2-4y+6\)

\(=x^2+2x+1+y^2-4y+4+1\)

\(=\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+1\ge1\forall x,y\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy: \(B_{min}=1\) khi (x,y)=(-1;2)

c) Ta có: \(C=4x^2+4x+9y^2-6y-5\)

\(=4x^2+4x+1+9y^2-6y+1-7\)

\(=\left(2x+1\right)^2+\left(3y-1\right)^2-7\ge-7\forall x,y\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\\y=\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy: \(C_{min}=-7\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\\y=\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(A=2x^2+x=2\left(x^2+\dfrac{1}{2}x\right)=2\left(x^2+2.\dfrac{1}{4}x+\dfrac{1}{16}-\dfrac{1}{16}\right)\)

\(=2\left[\left(x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{16}\right]\ge-\dfrac{1}{8}\) dấu"=' xảy ra<=>x=\(-\dfrac{1}{4}\)

\(B=x^2+2x+y^2-4y+6\)

\(=x^2+2x+1+y^2-4y+4+1=\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+1\)

\(\ge1\) dấu"=" xảy ra<=>x=-1;y=2

\(C=4x^2+4x+9y^2-6y-5\)

\(=4x^2+4x+1+9y^2-6y+1-7\)

\(=\left(2x+1\right)^2+\left(3y-1\right)^2-7\ge-7\)

dấu"=" xảy ra<=>x=\(-\dfrac{1}{2},y=\dfrac{1}{3}\)

\(D=\left(2+x\right)\left(x+4\right)-\left(x-1\right)\left(x+3\right)^2\)

=\(x^2+6x+8-\left(x-1\right)\left(x+3\right)^2\)

\(=\left(x+3\right)^2-1-\left(x-1\right)\left(x+3\right)^2\)

\(=\left(x+3\right)^2\left(2-x\right)-1\ge-1\)

dấu"=" xảy ra\(< =>\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(P=x^2+2xy+4x+4y+y^2+5\)

  \(=\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)+4\left(x+y\right)+5\)

  \(=\left(x+y\right)^2+4\left(x+y\right)+4+1\)

  \(=\left(x+y+2\right)^2+1\ge1\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x+y+2=0\)

Vậy với x + y + 2 = 0 thì P_min = 1

p = x.x + 2.x.y+ 4.x+4.y+ y.2+5

=> P= x.(x+2+y+4)+y.(4+2) +5

mà giá trị nhỏ nhất là gì ạ?

\(P=\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)+\left(4x+4y\right)+5\)

\(=\left(x+y\right)^2+4\left(x+y\right)+5\)\(\ge0+0+5=5\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x+y=0\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=-y\\y=\left(-x\right)\end{cases}}\)

\(x-4y=5\Rightarrow x=4y+5\)

\(A=\left(4y+5\right)^2+4y^2=20y^2+40y+25\)

\(A=20\left(y+1\right)^2+5\ge5\)

\(A_{min}=5\) khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(1;-1\right)\)

2) ĐKXĐ:  \(1\le x\le5\)

\(B^2=\left(\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{5-x}\right)^2\le\left(1^2+1^2\right)\left(x-1+5-x\right)=8\Rightarrow B\le2\sqrt{2}\)

Xảy ra đẳng thức khi và chỉ khi x = 3