Bài 1

n_BaCl2= 200 *2.6%= 5.2 (g) ; n_BaCl2= 5.2/208=0.025(mol)

n_H2SO4=49*10%=4.9(g) ; n_H2SO4=4.9/98=0.05(mol)

PTHH

..........................H₂SO₄ + BaCl₂ ➞ 2HCl + BaSO₄

Trước phản ứng:0.05 : 0.025...................................(mol)

Trong phản ứng:0.025 : 0.025......... : 0.025 : 0.05(mol)

Sau phản ứng : 0.025 : 0 ......... : 0.025 : 0.05 (mol)

a) m_BaSO4=0.025*233=5.825(g)

b) m_{dd sau phản ứng} = 49+200-5.825=243.175(g)

C% (H₂SO₄) = (0.025* 98)/243.175*100%=1.007%

C% (HCl) = (0.05*36.5)/243.175*100%=0.007%

Bài 2:

n_HCl= 73 *25%= 18.25 (g) ; n_HCl= 18.25/36.5=0.5(mol)

n_AgNO3=34*5%=1.7(g) ; n_AgNO3=1.7/170=0.01(mol)

PTHH

..........................HCl + AgNO₃ ➞ AgCl + 2HNO₃

Trước phản ứng:0.5 : 0.01......................................(mol)

Trong phản ứng:0.01 : 0.01.............. : 0.01 : 0.01(mol)

Sau phản ứng : 0.49: 0 ............... : 0.01 : 0.01(mol)

a) m_AgCl=0.01*143.5=1.435(g)

b) m_{dd sau phản ứng} = 73+34-1.435=105.565(g)

C% (HNO₃) = (0.01* 63)/105.565*100%=0.0059%

C% (HCl) = (0.49*36.5)/105.565*100%=16.94%

a, \(H_2SO_4+BaCl_2\rightarrow BaSO_{4\downarrow}+2HCl\)

b, Ta có: \(m_{H_2SO_4}=114.20\%=22,8\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{22,8}{96}=0,2375\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{BaCl_2}=400.5,2\%=20,8\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{20,8}{208}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2375}{1}>\dfrac{0,1}{1}\), ta được H₂SO₄ dư.

Theo PT: \(n_{BaSO_4}=n_{BaCl_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{BaSO_4}=0,1.233=23,3\left(g\right)\)

c, Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2SO_4\left(pư\right)}=n_{BaCl_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=2n_{BaCl_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,2375-0,1=0,1375\left(mol\right)\)

Ta có: m _{dd sau pư} = 114 + 400 - 23,3 = 490,7 (g)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,1375.98}{490,7}.100\%\approx2,75\%\\C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,2.36,5}{490,7}.100\%\approx1,49\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

PTHH: \(BaCl_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow2HCl+BaSO_4\downarrow\) (1)

a) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{BaCl_2}=150\cdot5,2\%=7,8\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2SO_4}=250\cdot19,6\%=49\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{BaCl_2}=\frac{7,8}{208}=0,0375\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=\frac{49}{98}=0,5\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\frac{0,0375}{1}< \frac{0,5}{1}\) \(\Rightarrow\) BaCl₂ phản ứng hết, H₂SO₄ còn dư

\(\Rightarrow n_{BaSO_4}=0,0375mol\) \(\Rightarrow m_{BaSO_4}=0,0375\cdot233=8,7375\left(g\right)\)

b) Dung dịch A gồm: \(HCl\) và \(H_2SO_{4\left(dư\right)}\)

PTHH: \(HCl+NaOH\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\) (2)

\(H_2SO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\) (3)

Theo PTHH (1): \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl\left(1\right)}=2n_{BaCl_2}=0,075mol=n_{HCl\left(2\right)}\\n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,4625mol=n_{H_2SO_4\left(3\right)}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaOH\left(2\right)}=0,075mol\\n_{NaOH\left(3\right)}=0,925mol\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=1mol\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{NaOH}=\frac{1}{1,5}\approx0,67\left(l\right)=670\left(ml\right)\)

Bài 19  :

\(a) n_{Al} = \dfrac{10,8}{27} = 0,4(mol)\\ 2Al + 3H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 + 3H_2\\ n_{H_2} = \dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al} = 0,6(mol)\\ V_{H_2} = 0,6.22,4 = 13,44(lít)\\ b) \text{Chất tan : }Al_2(SO_4)_3\\ n_{Al_2(SO_4)_3} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al} = 0,2(mol)\\ m_{Al_2(SO_4)_3} = 0,2.342 = 68,4(gam)\)

Bài 18 : 

\(a) n_{HCl} = \dfrac{250.7,3\%}{36,5 } = 0,5(mol)\\ Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2\\ n_{H_2} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl} = 0,25(mol) \Rightarrow V_{H_2} = 0,25.22,4 = 5,6(lít)\\ b) \text{Chất tan : } ZnCl_2\\ n_{ZnCl_2} = n_{H_2} = 0,25(mol)\\ m_{ZnCl_2} = 0,25.136 = 34(gam)\)

\(Na+H_2O\rightarrow NaOH+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\) (1)

\(6NaOH+Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3\rightarrow2Fe\left(OH\right)_3+3Na_2SO_4\) (2)

\(n_{Na}=\dfrac{9,2}{23}=0,4\left(mol\right);n_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{200.4\%}{400}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)

\(TheoPT\left(1\right):n_{NaOH}=n_{Na}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

Lập tỉ lệ PT (2) : \(\dfrac{0,4}{6}>\dfrac{0,04}{1}\)

=> Sau phản ứng NaOH dư

\(2Fe\left(OH\right)_3-^{t^o}\rightarrow Fe_2O_3+3H_2O\)

Bảo toàn nguyên tố Fe: \(n_{Fe_2O_3}.2=n_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}.2\Rightarrow n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(m_{Fe_2O_3}=0,04.160=6,4\left(g\right)\)

Dung dịch A: \(Na_2SO_4:0,12\left(mol\right);NaOH_{dư}:0,4-0,24=0,16\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{ddsaupu}=9,2+200-0,08.107=200,64\left(g\right)\)

\(C\%_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,12.142}{200,64}=8,5\%\)

\(C\%_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,16.40}{200,64}.100=3,2\%\)

m_ddH2SO4 = 100 . 1,137 = 113,7

n_H2SO4 = 113,7 . 20%/98 = 0,232 mol

n_BaCl2 = 400 . 5,29%/208 = 0,1 mol

                 H₂SO₄ + BaCl₂ —> BaSO₄ + 2HCI

Bđ:            0,232      0,1

Pứ:            0,1        0, 1         0,1       0,2

Sau pứ:      0,132         0

m_BaSO4 = 0,1.233 = 23,3 gam

Khối lượng dung dịch sau khi lọc bỏ kết tủa:

m_ddB = m_ddH2SO4 + m_ddBaCl2 - m_BaSO4 = 490,4

C%HCI = 0,2.36,5/490,4 = 1,49%

C%_H2SO4 dư = 0,132.98/490,4 = 2,64%