a) \(x^2+y^2=x^2+y^2+2xy-2xy=\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy\)

b) \(\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)=\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a^2-b^2\right)=a^2+2ab+b^2-a^2+b^2\)

\(=2ab+2b^2=2b\left(a+b\right)\)

c)\(\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a-b\right)^2=\left(a+b-a+b\right)\left(a+b+a-b\right)\)

\(=2b.2a=4ab\) 

a: \(\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy\)

\(=x^2+2xy+y^2-2xy\)

\(=x^2+y^2\)

b: \(\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)\)

\(=\left(a+b\right)\left(a+b-a+b\right)\)

\(=2b\left(a+b\right)\)

c: \(\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a-b\right)^2\)

\(=\left(a+b-a+b\right)\left(a+b+a-b\right)\)

\(=4ab\)

a)

\(\begin{array}{l}A = 0,2\left( {5{\rm{x}} - 1} \right) - \dfrac{1}{2}\left( {\dfrac{2}{3}x + 4} \right) + \dfrac{2}{3}\left( {3 - x} \right)\\A = x - 0,2 - \dfrac{1}{3}x - 2 + 2 - \dfrac{2}{3}x\\ = \left( {x - \dfrac{1}{3}x - \dfrac{2}{3}x} \right) + \left( {\dfrac{{ - 1}}{2} - 2 + 2} \right)\\ =  - \dfrac{1}{2}\end{array}\)

Vậy \(A =  - \dfrac{1}{2}\) không phụ thuộc vào biến x

b)

\(\begin{array}{l}B = \left( {x - 2y} \right)\left( {{x^2} + 2{\rm{x}}y + 4{y^2}} \right) - \left( {{x^3} - 8{y^3} + 10} \right)\\B = \left[ {x - {{\left( {2y} \right)}^3}} \right] - {x^3} + 8{y^3} - 10\\B = {x^3} - 8{y^3} - {x^3} + 8{y^3} - 10 =  - 10\end{array}\)

Vậy B = -10 không phụ thuộc vào biến x, y.

c)

\(\begin{array}{l}C = 4{\left( {x + 1} \right)^2} + {\left( {2{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)^2} - 8\left( {x - 1} \right)\left( {x + 1} \right) - 4{\rm{x}}\\{\rm{C = 4}}\left( {{x^2} + 2{\rm{x}} + 1} \right) + \left( {4{{\rm{x}}^2} - 4{\rm{x}} + 1} \right) - 8\left( {{x^2} - 1} \right) - 4{\rm{x}}\\C = 4{{\rm{x}}^2} + 8{\rm{x}} + 4 + 4{{\rm{x}}^2} - 4{\rm{x}} + 1 - 8{{\rm{x}}^2} + 8 - 4{\rm{x}}\\C = \left( {4{{\rm{x}}^2} + 4{{\rm{x}}^2} - 8{{\rm{x}}^2}} \right) + \left( {8{\rm{x}} - 4{\rm{x}} - 4{\rm{x}}} \right) + \left( {4 + 1 + 8} \right)\\C = 13\end{array}\)

Vậy C = 13 không phụ thuộc vào biến x

\(ĐK:x\ne y;x\ne-y;x^2+xy+y^2\ne0;x^2-xy+y^2\ne0\)

\(A=\dfrac{x^2-xy+y^2}{x^2+xy+y^2}\cdot\left[1:\dfrac{\left(x^3+y^3\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)}\right]\\ A=\dfrac{x^2-xy+y^2}{x^2+xy+y^2}\cdot\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)}\\ A=x-y=B\)

\(x=0;y=0\Leftrightarrow B=0\)

Giá trị của A không xác định vì \(x=y\) trái với ĐK:\(x\ne y\)

Vậy \(A\ne B\)

\(A=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(-x-y\right)-\left(a-y\right)\left(b-x\right)}{abxy\left(xy+ay+ab+by\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{a\left(-x-y\right)+b\left(-x-y\right)-a\left(b-x\right)+y\left(b-x\right)}{abxy\left(xy+ay+ab+by\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{-ax-ay-bx-by-ab+ax+by-xy}{abxy\left(xy+ay+ab+by\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{-ay-bx-ab-xy}{abxy\left(xy+ay+ab+by\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{-xy+ay+ab+by}{abxy\left(xy+ay+ab+by\right)}=\dfrac{-1}{abxy}\)

Với \(a=\dfrac{1}{3};b=-2;x=\dfrac{3}{2};y=1\)

\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{-1}{\dfrac{1}{3}.\left(-2\right).\dfrac{3}{2}.1}=-1\)

Lời giải:
1.

\(\frac{a^3-4a^2-a+4}{a^3-7a^2+14a-8}=\frac{a^2(a-4)-(a-4)}{(a^3-8)-(7a^2-14a)}=\frac{(a-4)(a^2-1)}{(a-2)(a^2+2a+4)-7a(a-2)}\)

\(=\frac{(a-4)(a-1)(a+1)}{(a-2)(a^2-5a+4)}=\frac{(a-4)(a-1)(a+1)}{(a-2)(a-1)(a-4)}=\frac{a+1}{a-2}\)

2.

\(\frac{x^2y^2+1+(x^2-y)(1-y)}{x^2y^2+1+(x^2+y)(1+y)}=\frac{x^2y^2+1+x^2-x^2y-y+y^2}{x^2y^2+1+x^2+x^2y+y+y^2}\)

\(=\frac{(x^2y^2-x^2y+x^2)+(y^2-y+1)}{(x^2y^2+x^2y+x^2)+(y^2+y+1)}\)

\(=\frac{x^2(y^2-y+1)+(y^2-y+1)}{x^2(y^2+y+1)+(y^2+y+1)}=\frac{(x^2+1)(y^2-y+1)}{(x^2+1)(y^2+y+1)}=\frac{y^2-y+1}{y^2+y+1}\)

a) \(x^2+y^2\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+2y^2\ge\left(x+y\right)^2\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2\ge2xy\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2xy+y^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\left(đúng\right)\)

b) \(x^3+y^3\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^3}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4x^3+4y^3\ge\left(x+y\right)^3\Leftrightarrow3x^3+3y^3\ge3x^2y+3xy^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2\left(x-y\right)-3y^2\left(x-y\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2-y^2\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow3\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x+y\right)\ge0\left(đúng\right)\)

a: Ta có: \(x^2+y^2\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+2y^2-x^2-2xy-y^2\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2xy+y^2\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)

* Đặt tên các biểu thức theo thứ tự là A,B,C,D,E.

Câu a)

Theo hằng đẳng thức đáng nhớ ta có:

\(a^3+b^3+c^3=(a+b+c)^3-3(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)\)

\(=(a+b+c)^3-3[ab(a+b)+bc(b+c)+ca(c+a)+2abc]\)

\(=(a+b+c)^3-3[ab(a+b+c)+bc(b+c+a)+ca(c+a+b)-abc]\)

\(=(a+b+c)^3-3[(a+b+c)(ab+bc+ac)]+3abc\)

\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=(a+b+c)^3-3(ab+bc+ac)(a+b+c)\)

\(=(a+b+c)[(a+b+c)^2-3(ab+bc+ac)]\)

\(=(a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac)\) (*)

Do đó:

\(A=\frac{(a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac)}{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac}=a+b+c\)

Câu b)

\(x^3-y^3+z^3+3xyz=x^3+(-y)^3+z^3-3x(-y)z\)

Sử dụng kết quả (*) của câu a. Với \(a=x, b=-y, c=z\)

\(\Rightarrow x^3+(-y)^3+z^3-3x(-y)z=(x-y+z)(x^2+y^2+z^2+xy+yz-xz)\)

Mặt khác xét mẫu số:

\((x+y)^2+(y+z)^2+(x-z)^2=x^2+2xy+y^2+y^2+2yz+z^2+x^2-2xz+z^2\)

\(=2(x^2+y^2+z^2+xy+yz-xz)\)

Do đó: \(B=\frac{(x-y+z)(x^2+y^2+z^2+xy+yz-xz)}{2(x^2+y^2+z^2+xy+yz-xz)}=\frac{x-y+z}{2}\)

Câu c) Sử dụng kết quả (*) của phần a:

\(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz=(x+y+z)(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz)\)

Và mẫu số:

\((x-y)^2+(y-z)^2+(z-x)^2=2(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz)\)

Do đó: \(C=\frac{(x+y+z)(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz)}{2(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz)}=\frac{x+y+z}{2}\)

Câu d)

Xét tử số:

\(a^2(b-c)+b^2(c-a)+c^2(a-b)\)

\(=a^2(b-c)-b^2[(b-c)+(a-b)]+c^2(a-b)\)

\(=(b-c)(a^2-b^2)-(b^2-c^2)(a-b)\)

\(=(b-c)(a-b)(a+b)-(b-c)(b+c)(a-b)\)

\(=(a-b)(b-c)[a+b-(b+c)]=(a-b)(b-c)(a-c)\) (1)

Xét mẫu số:

\(a^4(b^2-c^2)+b^4(c^2-a^2)+c^4(a^2-b^2)\)

\(=a^4(b^2-c^2)-b^4[(b^2-c^2)+(a^2-b^2)]+c^4(a^2-b^2)\)

\(=(a^4-b^4)(b^2-c^2)-(b^4-c^4)(a^2-b^2)\)

\(=(a^2-b^2)(a^2+b^2)(b^2-c^2)-(b^2-c^2)(b^2+c^2)(a^2-b^2)\)

\(=(a^2-b^2)(b^2-c^2)[a^2+b^2-(b^2+c^2)]\)

\(=(a^2-b^2)(b^2-c^2)(a^2-c^2)\)

\(=(a-b)(b-c)(a-c)(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)\)(2)

Từ (1)(2) suy ra \(D=\frac{1}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}\)

Câu e)

Theo phần d ta có:

\(TS=(a-b)(b-c)(a-c)\)

\(MS=ab^2-ac^2-b^3+bc^2\)

\(=b^2(a-b)-c^2(a-b)=(a-b)(b^2-c^2)=(a-b)(b-c)(b+c)\)

Do đó: \(E=\frac{(a-b)(b-c)(a-c)}{(a-b)(b-c)(b+c)}=\frac{a-c}{b+c}\)