\(a+b\ge a^2+b^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2\Rightarrow a+b\le2\)

\(\Rightarrow2\ge a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\Rightarrow ab\le1\)

Xét \(Q=\dfrac{a}{a+1}+\dfrac{b}{b+1}=\dfrac{a\left(b+1\right)+b\left(a+1\right)}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}=\dfrac{a+b+2ab}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}\)

\(Q=\dfrac{a+b+ab+ab}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}\le\dfrac{a+b+ab+1}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}=\dfrac{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}=1\)

\(\Rightarrow P\le2020+1^{2021}=2021\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=1\)

Lời giải:

Do $b\leq c; a^2\geq 0$ nên $a^2(b-c)\leq 0$

$\Rightarrow Q\leq b^2(c-b)+c^2(1-c)$

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:

\(b^2(c-b)=4.\frac{b}{2}.\frac{b}{2}(c-b)\leq 4\left(\frac{\frac{b}{2}+\frac{b}{2}+c-b}{3}\right)^3=\frac{4}{27}c^3\)

\(\Rightarrow Q\leq c^2-\frac{23}{27}c^3=c^2(1-\frac{23}{27}c)=(\frac{54}{23})^2.\frac{23}{54}c.\frac{23}{54}c(1-\frac{23}{27}c)\leq (\frac{54}{23})^2\left(\frac{\frac{23}{54}c+\frac{23}{54}c+1-\frac{23}{27}c}{3}\right)^3=\frac{108}{529}\)

Vậy $Q_{max}=\frac{108}{529}$

Giá trị này đạt tại $(a,b,c)=(0,\frac{12}{23}, \frac{18}{23})$

Lời giải:

Do $b\leq c; a^2\geq 0$ nên $a^2(b-c)\leq 0$

$\Rightarrow Q\leq b^2(c-b)+c^2(1-c)$

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:

\(b^2(c-b)=4.\frac{b}{2}.\frac{b}{2}(c-b)\leq 4\left(\frac{\frac{b}{2}+\frac{b}{2}+c-b}{3}\right)^3=\frac{4}{27}c^3\)

\(\Rightarrow Q\leq c^2-\frac{23}{27}c^3=c^2(1-\frac{23}{27}c)=(\frac{54}{23})^2.\frac{23}{54}c.\frac{23}{54}c(1-\frac{23}{27}c)\leq (\frac{54}{23})^2\left(\frac{\frac{23}{54}c+\frac{23}{54}c+1-\frac{23}{27}c}{3}\right)^3=\frac{108}{529}\)

Vậy $Q_{max}=\frac{108}{529}$

Giá trị này đạt tại $(a,b,c)=(0,\frac{12}{23}, \frac{18}{23})$

\(\)Ta có: \(a+b+c=0 \Rightarrow b+c=-a \Rightarrow (b+c)^2=(-a)^2 \Leftrightarrow b^2+c^2+2bc=a^2 \Leftrightarrow a^2-b^2-c^2=2bc\)

Tương tự: \(b^2-c^2-a^2=2ca;c^2-a^2-b^2=2ab\)

\(P=...=\dfrac{a^2}{2bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{2ca}+\dfrac{c^2}{2bc}=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{2abc}=\dfrac{3abc}{2abc}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)

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Bổ đề \(a+b+c=0 \Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3\)

Ở đây ta c/m chiều thuận:
Với \(a+b+c=0 \Leftrightarrow a+b=-c \Rightarrow (a+b)^3=(-c)^3 \Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+3ab(a+b)=-c^3 \Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc(QED)\)

Do \(a^2+b^2+c^2=1\Rightarrow0\le a;b;c\le1\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)\le0\\b^{2011}\le b\\c^{2011}\le c\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow T\le a+b+c-ab-bc-ca=\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)+1-abc\le1-abc\le1\)

\(T_{max}=1\) khi \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(0;0;1\right)\) và các hoán vị

Lời giải:

Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:

$C^2\leq (a+b)[(29a+3b)+(29b+3a)]=32(a+b)^2$

$(a+b)^2\leq (a^2+b^2)(1+1)\leq 4$

$\Rightarrow C^2\leq 32.4$

$\Rightarrow C\leq 8\sqrt{2}$
Vậy $C_{\max}=8\sqrt{2}$. Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=1$

\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)=a^2+b^2+c^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)=0\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ac=0\Leftrightarrow bc=-ab-ac\)

\(\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+2bc}=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+bc-ac-ab}=\dfrac{a^2}{\left(a-c\right)\left(a-b\right)}\)

CMTT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b^2}{b^2+2ca}=\dfrac{b^2}{\left(b-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}\\\dfrac{c^2}{c^2+2ab}=\dfrac{c^2}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}=\dfrac{c^2}{\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{a^2}{\left(a-c\right)\left(a-b\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{\left(b-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}=\dfrac{a^2\left(b-c\right)-b^2\left(a-c\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}=1\)