3. abc > 0 nên trog 3 số phải có ít nhất 1 số dương. 
Vì nếu giả sử cả 3 số đều âm => abc < 0 => trái giả thiết 
Vậy nên phải có ít nhất 1 số dương 

Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử a > 0 
mà abc > 0 => bc > 0 
Nếu b < 0, c < 0: 
=> b + c < 0 
Từ gt: a + b + c < 0 
=> b + c > - a 
=> (b + c)^2 < -a(b + c) (vì b + c < 0) 
<=> b^2 + 2bc + c^2 < -ab - ac 
<=> ab + bc + ca < -b^2 - bc - c^2 
<=> ab + bc + ca < - (b^2 + bc + c^2) 
ta có: 
b^2 + c^2 >= 0 
mà bc > 0 => b^2 + bc + c^2 > 0 
=> - (b^2 + bc + c^2) < 0 
=> ab + bc + ca < 0 (vô lý) 
trái gt: ab + bc + ca > 0 

Vậy b > 0 và c >0 
=> cả 3 số a, b, c > 0

1.a, Ta có: \(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4a>0\)

                   \(\left(b+c\right)^2\ge4b>0\)

                    \(\left(a+c\right)^2\ge4c>0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)\right]^2\ge64abc\)

Mà abc=1

\(\Rightarrow\left[\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)\right]^2\ge64\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)\ge8\left(đpcm\right)\)     

sai rồi. sửa a+b=a+1, b+c=b+1, a+c=c+1 nha, thông cảm, nhìn sai đề

\(VT=\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)=\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\)

\(VT\ge2\sqrt{bc}.2\sqrt{ac}.2\sqrt{ab}=8abc\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)

Lời giải:

Vì $A+B+C=1$ ta có:

$(1-A)(1-B)(1-C)=(B+C)(C+A)(A+B)$

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM cho các số dương:

$B+C\geq 2\sqrt{BC}; C+A\geq 2\sqrt{CA}; A+B\geq 2\sqrt{AB}$

$\Rightarrow (1-A)(1-B)(1-C)=(B+C)(C+A)(A+B)\geq 2\sqrt{BC}.2\sqrt{CA}.2\sqrt{AB}$

hay $(1-A)(1-B)(1-C)\geq 8ABC$ (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $A=B=C=\frac{1}{3}$

bài hơi khoai

Không mất tính tổng quát giả sử \(c=max\left\{a,b,c\right\}\)

\(\Rightarrow2c\ge a+b\)

\(\Rightarrow c\ge\frac{a+b}{2}\)

Từ giả thiết \(\Rightarrow a,b\le1\)

\(\Rightarrow ab\le1\)( *)

Đặt \(P=\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}-\frac{5}{2}\)

\(=\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+\frac{1-ab}{a+b}}+\frac{1}{a+\frac{1-ab}{a+b}}-\frac{5}{2}\)

Đặt \(S=\frac{1}{a+b+\frac{1}{a+b}}+a+b+\frac{1}{a+b}-\frac{5}{2}\)

Xét hiệu \(P-S=\)\(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+\frac{1-ab}{a+b}}+\frac{1}{a+\frac{1-ab}{a+b}}-\frac{5}{2}-\)\(-\frac{1}{a+b+\frac{1}{a+b}}-a-b-\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{5}{2}\)

\(=\frac{1}{\frac{ab+b^2+1-ab}{a+b}}+\frac{1}{\frac{a^2+ab+1-ab}{a+b}}-\frac{1}{\frac{\left(a+\right)^2+1}{a+b}}-\left(a+b\right)\)

\(=\frac{a+b}{b^2+1}+\frac{a+b}{c^2+1}-\left(a+b\right)\left[1+\frac{1}{1+\left(a+b\right)^2}\right]\)

Ta sẽ chứng minh \(\frac{a+b}{b^2+1}+\frac{a+b}{c^2+1}-\left(a+b\right)\left[1+\frac{1}{1+\left(a+b\right)^2}\right]\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{b^2+1}+\frac{a+b}{c^2+1}\ge\left(a+b\right)\left[1+\frac{1}{1+\left(a+b\right)^2}\right]\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{b^2+1}+\frac{1}{c^2+1}\ge1+\frac{1}{1+\left(a+b\right)^2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2+a^2+b^2}{\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)}\ge\frac{2+\left(a+b\right)^2}{1+\left(a+b\right)^2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(2+b^2+a^2\right)\left[1+\left(a+b\right)^2\right]\ge\left[2+\left(a+b\right)^2\right]\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2+2\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(a+b\right)^2\left(a^2+b^2\right)+a^2+b^2\ge\left[2+\left(a+b\right)^2\right]\left(1+a^2+b^2+a^2b^2\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2+2\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(a+b\right)^2\left(a^2+b^2\right)+a^2+b^2-2a^2b^2-\left(a+b\right)^2\left(a^2+b^2\right)-\left(a+b\right)^2a^2b^2\)\(-2-2\left(a^2+b^2\right)-\left(a+b^2\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-2a^2b^2-\left(a+b\right)^2a^2b^2+a^2+b^2-\left(a+b\right)^2\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ab\left[ab\left(a+b\right)^2+2ab-2\right]\le0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ab\left(a+b\right)^2+2ab-2\le0\)( do a,b \(\ge0\))

\(\Leftrightarrow ab\left(a+b\right)^2\le2\left(1-ab\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ab\left(a+b\right)^2\le2c\left(a+b\right)\) (1)

Mà \(c\ge\frac{a+b}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow2c\left(a+b\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)^2\)

Ta có: \(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge ab\left(a+b\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\left(1-ab\right)\ge0\)( đúng do (*) ) 

\(\Rightarrow\left(1\right)\)đúng

\(\Rightarrow P-S\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge S\)

Ta phải chứng minh \(S\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a+b+\frac{1}{a+b}}+a+b+\frac{1}{a+b}\ge\frac{5}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{1+\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{1+\left(a+b\right)^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{5}{2}\) (2) 

Đặt \(x=\frac{1+\left(a+b\right)^2}{a+b}\)

Ta có: \(1+\left(a+b\right)^2\ge2\left(a+b\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b-1\right)^2\ge0\)( đúng )

\(\Rightarrow x=\frac{1+\left(a+b\right)^2}{a+b}\ge2\)

=> (2) có dạng \(x+\frac{1}{x}\ge\frac{5}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-5x+2\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)\ge0\)( đúng )

\(\Rightarrow S\ge0\)mà \(P\ge S\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\ge\frac{5}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a+b=1\\ab+bc+ca=1\\ab\left[ab\left(a+b\right)^2+2ab-2\right]=0\end{cases}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}a=c=1;b=0\\b=c=1;a=0\end{cases}}\)

sửa một chút là cái dòng thứ 4 là từ giả thiết\(\Rightarrow0\le a,b\le1\)

\(\dfrac{1}{a+b+1}+\dfrac{1}{b+c+1}+\dfrac{1}{c+a+1}\ge1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\ge\dfrac{a+b}{a+b+1}+\dfrac{b+c}{b+c+1}+\dfrac{c+a}{c+a+1}=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)^2+a+b}+\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{\left(b+c\right)^2+b+c}+\dfrac{\left(c+a\right)^2}{\left(c+a\right)^2+c+a}\)

\(\Rightarrow2\ge\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca+a+b+c}\)

\(\Rightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+2\left(a+b+c\right)\ge2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\)đpcm

bđt \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)\ge\Sigma a^2+3\Sigma a+\Sigma_{cyc}ab^2+2\Sigma ab+3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(abc\left(a+b+c\right)+\Sigma_{sym}a^2b+\Sigma a^2+2\Sigma ab+\Sigma a\ge\Sigma a^2+3\Sigma a+\Sigma_{cyc}ab^2+2\Sigma ab\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\ge a+b+c\) (1)

Do abc=1 nên đặt \(a=\frac{x}{y};b=\frac{y}{z};c=\frac{z}{x}\)

(1) \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{x^2}{yz}+\frac{y^2}{zx}+\frac{z^2}{xy}\ge\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{x}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x^3+y^3+z^3\ge xy^2+yz^2+zx^2\) (2) 

Lại có: \(x^3+y^3+y^3\ge3\sqrt[3]{x^3y^6}=3xy^2\)

Tương tự với y³, z³ => (2) => (1) => bđt cần cm 

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c=1 

Ta có đánh giá sau với a không âm:

\(\dfrac{a}{1+a^2}\le\dfrac{36a+3}{50}\)

Thật vậy, BĐT tương đương:

\(\left(36a+3\right)\left(a^2+1\right)\ge50a\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3a-1\right)^2\left(4a+3\right)\ge0\) (luôn đúng)

Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b}{1+b^2}\le\dfrac{36b+3}{50}\) ; \(\dfrac{c}{1+c^2}\le\dfrac{36c+3}{50}\)

Cộng vế: \(VT\le\dfrac{36\left(a+b+c\right)+9}{50}=\dfrac{9}{10}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)

Ta chứng minh bđt phụ \(\dfrac{a}{1+a^2}\le\dfrac{3}{10}+\dfrac{18}{25}\left(a-\dfrac{1}{3}\right)\)

Thật vậy bđt trên \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{-3a^2+10a-3}{10\left(1+a^2\right)}-\dfrac{18}{25}\left(a-\dfrac{1}{3}\right)\le0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-\dfrac{1}{3}\right)\left[\dfrac{3\left(3-a\right)}{10\left(1+a^2\right)}-\dfrac{18}{25}\right]\le0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-\dfrac{36\left(a-\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^2\left(\dfrac{3}{4}+a\right)}{50\left(1+a^2\right)}\le0\) ( luôn đúng với mọi \(a\)\(\ge\)0)

Tương tự cũng có:\(\dfrac{b}{1+b^2}\le\dfrac{3}{10}+\dfrac{18}{25}\left(b-\dfrac{1}{3}\right)\); \(\dfrac{c}{1+c^2}\le\dfrac{3}{10}+\dfrac{18}{25}\left(c-\dfrac{1}{3}\right)\)

Cộng vế với vế => VT\(\le\dfrac{9}{10}+\dfrac{18}{25}\left(a+b+c-1\right)=\dfrac{9}{10}\)

Dấu = xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)

BĐT phụ:\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\left(true\right)\)

\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{9}{a+b+c}\) ( đpcm )

Vậy.......