Lời giải:
Từ đkđb suy ra:
$x-y=\frac{1}{z}-\frac{1}{y}=\frac{y-z}{yz}$

$y-z=\frac{1}{x}-\frac{1}{z}=\frac{z-x}{xz}$

$z-x=\frac{1}{y}-\frac{1}{x}=\frac{x-y}{xy}$

$\Rightarrow (x-y)(y-z)(z-x)=\frac{(y-z)(z-x)(x-y)}{(xyz)^2}$

$\Leftrightarrow (x-y)(y-z)(z-x)(1-\frac{1}{x^2y^2z^2})=0$

$\Rightarrow (x-y)(y-z)(z-x)=0$ hoặc $1-\frac{1}{x^2y^2z^2}=1$

$\Rightarrow (x-y)(y-z)(z-x)=0$ hoặc $x^2y^2z^2=1$
Nếu $(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)=0$

$\Rightarrow x=y$ hoặc $y=z$ hoặc $z=x$

Không mất tquat giả sử $x=y$. Khi đó: $\frac{1}{y}=\frac{1}{z}$

$\Rightarrow y=z$

$\Rightarrow x=y=z$. Tương tự khi xét $y=z$ hoặc $z=x$ thì ta cũng thu được $x=y=z$
Vậy $x=y=z$ hoặc $x^2y^2z^2=1$

Lời giải:

Sửa: $x^2\geq y^2+z^2$
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:

$P\geq \frac{y^2+z^2}{x^2}+\frac{7x^2}{2}.\frac{4}{y^2+z^2}+2007$

$=\frac{y^2+z^2}{x^2}+\frac{14x^2}{y^2+z^2}+2007$

$=\frac{y^2+z^2}{x^2}+\frac{x^2}{y^2+z^2}+\frac{13x^2}{y^2+z^2}+2007$

$\geq 2+\frac{13x^2}{y^2+z^2}+2007$ (áp dụng BĐT Cô-si)

$\geq 2+13+2007=2022$ (do $x^2\geq y^2+z^2$)

Vậy $P_{\min}=2022$

\(x+y+z=xyz\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{yz}+\dfrac{1}{zx}=1\)

\(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}=\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2-2\left(\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{yz}+\dfrac{1}{zx}\right)=2^2-2.1=2\) (đpcm)

Có VT = \(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}}=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2-\dfrac{2}{xy}-\dfrac{2}{yz}-\dfrac{2}{zx}}\)

\(=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2-\dfrac{2}{xyz}\left(x+y+z\right)}\) 

\(=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2}=\left|\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right|=VP\) (Vì x + y + z = 0) 

Ta có bất đẳng thức AM-GM dạng phân thức sau: 

\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\Rightarrow \dfrac{1}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{4}(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b})\)

Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a=b

Quay lại bài toán: Áp dụng bđt trên, ta có:

\(\dfrac{1}{2x+y+z}=\dfrac{1}{(x+y)+(x+z)}\le\dfrac{1}{4}(\dfrac{1}{x+y}+\dfrac{1}{x+z})\\ \le\dfrac{1}{16}(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{z})=\dfrac{1}{16}(\dfrac{2}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z})\)

Tương tự:

 \(\dfrac{1}{x+2y+z}\le\dfrac{1}{16}(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{2}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z})\); \(\dfrac{1}{x+y+2z}\le\dfrac{1}{16}(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{2}{z})\)

Cộng 3 phân thức lại, ta có:

\(\dfrac{1}{2x+y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+y+2z}\le\dfrac{1}{4}(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z})=\dfrac{1}{4}.4=1\)

Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi và chỉ khi: \(x=y=z=\dfrac{3}{4}\)

Ta có \(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}+\dfrac{2}{xyz}=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(yz\right)^2+\left(xz\right)^2+\left(xy\right)^2+2xyz}{\left(xyz\right)^2}=1\)

<=> (xy)² + (yz)² + (zx)² + 2xyz = (xyz)² 

<=> (xy)² + (yz)² + (xz)² + 2xyz(x + y + z) = (xyz)² 

<=> (xy + yz + zx)² = (xyz)² 

<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}xy+yz+zx=xyz\\xy+yz+zx=-xyz\end{matrix}\right.\)

+) Khi xy + yz + zx = -xyz 

=> \(\dfrac{xy+yz+zx}{xyz}=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=-1< 0\left(\text{loại}\right)\)

=> xy + yz + zx = xyz 

<=> \(xyz\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=xyz\Leftrightarrow xyz\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}-1\right)=0\)

<=> \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=1\)

<=> \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\)

<=> \(\dfrac{x+y}{xy}=\dfrac{-\left(x+y\right)}{\left(x+y+z\right)z}\)

<=> \(\left(x+y\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{xz+yz+z^2}+\dfrac{1}{xy}\right)=0\)

<=> \(\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}{\left(zx+yz+z^2\right)xy}=0\)

<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-y\\y=-z\\z=-x\end{matrix}\right.\)

Khi x = -y => y = 1 => P = 1

Tương tự y = -z ; z = -x được P = 1

Vậy P = 1