Gọi $n_{Na} = a(mol)$

\(2Na+2H_2O\text{→}2NaOH+H_2\)

a                                              0,5a(mol)

Ta có : $23a + 50 = 56,8 + 0,5a.2$

Suy ra a = \(\dfrac{17}{55}\)

Suy ra \(m_{Al}=7,3-\dfrac{17}{55}.23=0,191\left(gam\right)\)

Sửa đề : 13.9 (g) 

\(n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m=27a+56b=13.9\left(1\right)\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7.84}{22.4}=0.35\left(mol\right)\)

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

\(n_{H_2}=1.5a+b=0.35\left(2\right)\)

\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=0.1,b=0.2\)

\(\%Al=\dfrac{0.1\cdot27}{13.9}\cdot100\%=19.42\%\)

\(\%Fe=100-19.42=80.58\%\)

2Na + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2

x............................x............0,5x

2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O → 2NaAlO2 + 3H2

x........x.................................................1,5x

Đặt n_Na = n_{Al phản ứng} = x (mol)

Ta có : nH2 = 0,5x + 1,5x = 0,02

=> x = 0,01

Chất rắn không tan gồm Al dư (a_mol ) và Fe (b_mol)

m_hh = 27a + 56b + 23x + 27x = 2,16

2Al + 3CuSO4 ---------> Al2(SO4)3 + 3Cu

a..........................................................1,5a

Fe + CuSO4 ---------> FeSO4 + Cu

b..................................................b

n_Cu = 1,5a + b = 0,05

=> a = b = 0,02

=> Y chứa Na (0,01), Al (0,03), Fe (0,02)

m _Na= 0,01.23=0,23 (g)

m _Al=0,03.27=0,81 (g)

m _Fe= 0,02.56=1,12(g)

a) Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow24a+27b=5,1\)  (1)

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

Bảo toàn electron: \(2a+3b=0,5\)  (2)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot24}{5,1}\cdot100\%\approx47,06\%\\\%m_{Al}=52,94\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,5\cdot36,5}{7,3\%}=250\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{HCl}=\dfrac{250}{1,2}\approx208,33\left(ml\right)\)

\(a,n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3(mol)\\ 2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{Al}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4(g)\\ b,m_{hh}=5,4+12,8=18,2(g)\\ c,n_{HCl}=0,6(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,3}=2M\)

a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

_____0,2<----0,6<---------------0,3

=> m_Al = 0,2.27 = 5,4(g)

b) m_hh = 5,4 + 12,8 = 18,2(g)

c) \(C_{M\left(HCl\right)}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,3}=2M\)

a, m_{chất rắn} = m_Cu = 12,8 (g)

=> m_{hh (Al, Zn)} = 28,5 - 12,8 = 16,7 (g)

\(m_{H_2SO_4}=7,84\%.500=39,2\left(g\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{39,2}{98}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Zn}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\left(a,b>0\right)\)

PTHH:

2Al + 3H₂SO₄ ---> Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂↑

a----->1,5a---------->0,5a-------->1,5a

Zn + H₂SO₄ ---> ZnSO₄ + H₂

b---->b------------>b--------->b

m_{dd (tăng)} = m_{hh (Al, Zn)} - m_H2 = 27a + 65a - 2.(1,5a - b) = 24a - 63b = 515 - 500 = 15 (g)

=> Hệ pt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+65b=15,7\\24a-63b=15\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\left(mol\right)\\b=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\left(TM\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{12,8}{28,5}.100\%=44,9\%\\\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27}{28,5}.100\%=18,9\%\\\%m_{Zn}=100\%-44,9\%-18,9\%=36,2\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b, \(n_{H_2SO_{4\left(dư\right)}}=0,4-0,1.1,5-0,2=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05.342}{515}.100\%=3,32\%\\C\%_{ZnSO_4}=\dfrac{0,2.161}{515}.100\%=6,25\%\\C\%_{H_2SO_{4\left(dư\right)}}=\dfrac{0,05.98}{515}.100\%=0,95\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(a.BTNT\left(H\right):n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,65\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow CM_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,65}{0,5}=1,3M\\ b.2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ Đặt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{3}{2}x+y=0,325\\27x+56y=9,65\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,15\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=4,05\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=5,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)