a, mchất rắn = mCu = 12,8 (g)
=> mhh (Al, Zn) = 28,5 - 12,8 = 16,7 (g)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=7,84\%.500=39,2\left(g\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{39,2}{98}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Zn}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\left(a,b>0\right)\)
PTHH:
2Al + 3H2SO4 ---> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2↑
a----->1,5a---------->0,5a-------->1,5a
Zn + H2SO4 ---> ZnSO4 + H2
b---->b------------>b--------->b
mdd (tăng) = mhh (Al, Zn) - mH2 = 27a + 65a - 2.(1,5a - b) = 24a - 63b = 515 - 500 = 15 (g)
=> Hệ pt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+65b=15,7\\24a-63b=15\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\left(mol\right)\\b=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\left(TM\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{12,8}{28,5}.100\%=44,9\%\\\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27}{28,5}.100\%=18,9\%\\\%m_{Zn}=100\%-44,9\%-18,9\%=36,2\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, \(n_{H_2SO_{4\left(dư\right)}}=0,4-0,1.1,5-0,2=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05.342}{515}.100\%=3,32\%\\C\%_{ZnSO_4}=\dfrac{0,2.161}{515}.100\%=6,25\%\\C\%_{H_2SO_{4\left(dư\right)}}=\dfrac{0,05.98}{515}.100\%=0,95\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
