Đề bài sai với \(a=b=c=2\)

đề đúng nhớ áp dụng AM-GM

AD bđt AM-GM cho 3 số

\(\dfrac{b^2c}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{b+C}{4bc}+\dfrac{1}{2b}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{b^2c}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}.\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)}{4bc}.\dfrac{1}{2b}}=\dfrac{3}{2a}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{b^2c}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}\ge\dfrac{3}{2a}-\dfrac{3}{4b}-\dfrac{1}{4c}\)

thiết lập bđt tương tự r cộng lại \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{b^2c}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{c^2a}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{a^2b}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\ge\left(\dfrac{3}{2}-\dfrac{3}{4}-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b^2c}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{b+c}{4bc}+\dfrac{1}{2b}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{b^2c\left(b+c\right)}{8a^3\left(b+c\right)b^2c}}=\dfrac{3}{2a}\\\dfrac{c^2a}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{c+a}{4ca}+\dfrac{1}{2c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{c^2a\left(c+a\right)}{8b^3\left(c+a\right)c^2a}}=\dfrac{3}{2b}\\\dfrac{a^2b}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{a+b}{4ab}+\dfrac{1}{2a}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a^2b\left(a+b\right)}{8c^3\left(a+b\right)a^2b}}=\dfrac{3}{2c}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b^2c}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4c}+\dfrac{1}{4b}+\dfrac{1}{2b}\ge\dfrac{3}{2a}\\\dfrac{c^2a}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4a}+\dfrac{1}{4c}+\dfrac{1}{2c}\ge\dfrac{3}{2b}\\\dfrac{a^2b}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4b}+\dfrac{1}{4a}+\dfrac{1}{2a}\ge\dfrac{3}{2c}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b^2c}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4c}+\dfrac{3}{4b}\ge\dfrac{3}{2a}\\\dfrac{c^2a}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4a}+\dfrac{3}{4c}\ge\dfrac{3}{2b}\\\dfrac{a^2b}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4b}+\dfrac{3}{4a}\ge\dfrac{3}{2c}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow VT+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow VT+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b^2c}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{c^2a}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{a^2b}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\) ( đpcm )

Bài 1: 

a) Áp dụng bđt Cô - si:

\(\dfrac{a}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{a}\ge\dfrac{2}{b}\)

Tương tự với 2 phân thức còn lại của vế trái rồi cộng lại, ta có:

\(\dfrac{a}{b^2}+\dfrac{b}{c^2}+\dfrac{c}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\)

=> đpcm

Bài dù a + b + c = 2021 hay 1 số bất kì thì bđt luôn \(\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\). Bạn có thể tham khảo bđt Nesbitt

Bài 2:

\(P=\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\)

\(=\dfrac{2021-\left(b+c\right)}{b+c}+\dfrac{2021-\left(c+a\right)}{c+a}+\dfrac{2021-\left(a+b\right)}{a+b}\)

\(=2021\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\right)-3\)

Áp dụng BĐT Svacxo, ta có

\(P\) ≥ \(\dfrac{9}{2}-3=\dfrac{3}{2}\)

Dấu"=" ⇔ ...

Sau khi đã đi tham khảo 7749 người thì đã cho ra một kết quả:v

Bài 2. \(P=\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\)

\(P=\dfrac{a}{b+c}+1+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+1+\dfrac{c}{a+b}+1-3\)

\(P=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c}+\dfrac{a+b+c}{c+a}+\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+b}-3\)

\(P=\dfrac{(2a+2b+3c)( \dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}+\dfrac{1}{a+b})}{2}-3 ≥ \dfrac{9}{2}-3=\dfrac{3}{2}\)

Dấu `"="` xảy ra:

\(\Leftrightarrow \begin{cases} a=b=c\\ a+b+c=2021 \end{cases} \)

\(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{2021}{3}\)

Vậy \(min \) \(P=\dfrac{3}{2}\) khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{2021}{3}\)

Nice proof, nhưng đã quy đồng là phải thế này :v

\(BDT\Leftrightarrow\left(2a-\sqrt{a^2+3}\right)+\left(2b-\sqrt{b^2+3}\right)+\left(2c-\sqrt{c^2+3}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2-1}{2a+\sqrt{a^2+3}}+\dfrac{b^2-1}{2b+\sqrt{b^2+3}}+\dfrac{c^2-1}{2c+\sqrt{c^2+3}}\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2-1}{2a+\sqrt{a^2+3}}+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}-a\right)+\dfrac{b^2-1}{2b+\sqrt{b^2+3}}+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}-b\right)+\dfrac{c^2-1}{2c+\sqrt{c^2+3}}+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{c}-c\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2a+\sqrt{a^2+3}}-\dfrac{1}{4a}\right)+\left(b^2-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2b+\sqrt{b^2+3}}-\dfrac{1}{4b}\right)+\left(c^2-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2c+\sqrt{a^2+3}}-\dfrac{1}{4c}\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a^2-1\right)\left(2a-\sqrt{a^2+3}\right)}{a\left(2a+\sqrt{a^2+3}\right)}+\dfrac{\left(b^2-1\right)\left(2b-\sqrt{b^2+3}\right)}{b\left(2b+\sqrt{b^2+3}\right)}+\dfrac{\left(c^2-1\right)\left(2c-\sqrt{c^2+3}\right)}{c\left(2c+\sqrt{c^2+3}\right)}\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a^2-1\right)^2}{a\left(2a+\sqrt{a^2+3}\right)^2}+\dfrac{\left(b^2-1\right)^2}{b\left(2b+\sqrt{b^2+3}\right)^2}+\dfrac{\left(c^2-1\right)^2}{c\left(2c+\sqrt{c^2+3}\right)^2}\ge0\) (luôn đúng)

Khi \(f\left(t\right)=\sqrt{1+t}\) là hàm lõm trên \([-1, +\infty)\) ta có:

\(f(t)\le f(3)+f'(3)(t-3)\forall t\ge -1\)

Tức là \(f\left(t\right)\le2+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(t-3\right)=\dfrac{5}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}t\forall t\ge-1\)

Áp dụng BĐT này ta có:

\(\sqrt{a^2+3}=a\sqrt{1+\dfrac{3}{a^2}}\le a\left(\dfrac{5}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}\cdot\dfrac{3}{a^2}\right)=\dfrac{5}{4}a+\dfrac{3}{4}\cdot\dfrac{1}{a}\)

Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại ta cũng có:

\(\sqrt{b^2+3}\le\dfrac{5}{4}b+\dfrac{3}{4}\cdot\dfrac{1}{b};\sqrt{c^2+3}\le\dfrac{5}{4}c+\dfrac{3}{4}\cdot\dfrac{1}{c}\)

Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:

\(VP\le\dfrac{5}{4}\left(a+b+c\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=2\left(a+b+c\right)=VT\)

Dấu >= hay <= vậy bạn? Bạn xem lại đề.

\(\dfrac{a^3}{\left(a+2b\right)\left(b+2c\right)}+\dfrac{a+2b}{27}+\dfrac{b+2c}{27}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a^3\left(a+2b\right)\left(b+2c\right)}{27^2.\left(a+2b\right)\left(b+2c\right)}}=\dfrac{a}{3}\)

Tương tự:

\(\dfrac{b^3}{\left(b+2c\right)\left(c+2a\right)}+\dfrac{b+2c}{27}+\dfrac{c+2a}{27}\ge\dfrac{b}{3}\)

\(\dfrac{c^3}{\left(c+2a\right)\left(a+2b\right)}+\dfrac{c+2a}{27}+\dfrac{a+2b}{27}\ge\dfrac{c}{3}\)

Cộng vế:

\(VT+\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{9}\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{9}\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)

2a)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(\dfrac{1}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\forall a,b>0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}=\dfrac{1}{a+b+a+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}=\dfrac{1}{a+b+b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}=\dfrac{1}{a+c+b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{4\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(b+c\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(c+a\right)}\)

Chứng minh rằng \(\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(\dfrac{1}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\forall a,b>0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{c+a}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\) ( đpcm )

Vì \(\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)

Mà \(VT\le\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(c+a\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)( đpcm )

Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)

2b)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1+a^2\ge2\sqrt{a^2}=2a\\1+b^2\ge2\sqrt{b^2}=2b\\1+c^2\ge2\sqrt{c^2}=2c\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{1+a^2}\le\dfrac{a}{2a}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\dfrac{b}{1+b^2}\le\dfrac{b}{2b}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\dfrac{c}{1+c^2}\le\dfrac{c}{2c}=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{1+a^2}+\dfrac{b}{1+b^2}+\dfrac{c}{1+c^2}\le\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\) ( đpcm )

Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)

Bài 1)

Nháp : nhìn nhanh ta thấy nên áp dụng BĐT \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)

Giải

Vì x,y > 0 =) 2x + y > 0 , x + 2y > 0

Áp dụng BĐT cauchy dạng phân thức cho hai bộ số không âm \(\dfrac{1}{2x+y}\)và\(\dfrac{1}{x+2y}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x+2y}+\dfrac{1}{2x+y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+2y+2x+y}=\dfrac{4}{3\left(x+y\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(3x+3y\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2x+y}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y}\right)\ge\left(3x+3y\right).\dfrac{4}{3\left(x+y\right)}=4\)

Dấu '' = "xảy ra khi và chỉ khi x + 2y = y + 2x (=) x=y

ta có:

\(1+a^2\ge2\sqrt{a^2.1}=2a\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{1+a^2}\le\dfrac{a}{2a}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

tương tự, ta có: \(\dfrac{b}{b^2+1}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\); \(\dfrac{c}{c^2+1}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)

công từ vế với nhau, ta có điều cần phải chứng minh

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b\left(2a-b\right)}{a\left(b+c\right)}-2+\dfrac{c\left(2b-c\right)}{b\left(c+a\right)}-2+\dfrac{a\left(2c-a\right)}{c\left(a+b\right)}-2\le\dfrac{3}{2}-6\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b^2+2ac}{a\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{c^2+2ab}{b\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{a^2+2bc}{c\left(a+b\right)}\ge\dfrac{9}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b^2}{ab+ac}+\dfrac{c^2}{bc+ab}+\dfrac{a^2}{ac+bc}+\dfrac{2c^2}{bc+c^2}+\dfrac{2a^2}{ac+a^2}+\dfrac{2b^2}{ab+b^2}\ge\dfrac{9}{2}\)

Ta có:

\(VT\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}+\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow VT\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\left(\dfrac{1}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}+\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{9\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca\right)}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{9\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\dfrac{9}{2}\)