PTHH: \(CaO+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O\)  (1)

           \(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\)  (2)

a) Ta có: \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)=n_{CaCO_3}\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{CaCO_3}=0,2\cdot100=20\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow\%m_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{20}{25,6}\cdot100\%=78,125\%\)

\(\Rightarrow\%m_{CaO}=21,875\%\)

b) Theo 2 PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl\left(2\right)}=2n_{CaCO_3}=0,4mol\\n_{HCl\left(1\right)}=2n_{CaO}=2\cdot\dfrac{25,6-20}{56}=0,2mol\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{HCl}=0,6mol\) \(\Rightarrow C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,6\cdot36,5}{210\cdot1,05}\cdot100\%\approx9,93\%\)

$a)PTHH:2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2$

$n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,04}{22,4}=0,225(mol)$

$\Rightarrow n_{Al}=0,15(mol)$

$\Rightarrow \%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,15.27}{9,45}.100\%\approx 42,86\%$

$\Rightarrow \%m_{Cu}=100-42,86=57,14\%$

$b)$ Theo PT: $n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,45(mol)$

$\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,45.110\%}{0,5}=0,99M$

a, Ta có: 27n_Al + 56n_Fe = 27,8 (1)

PT: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)

\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}+n_{Fe}=\dfrac{17,353}{24,79}=0,7\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27}{27,8}.100\%\approx19,42\%\\\%m_{Fe}\approx80,58\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b, \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,7\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow C_{M_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,7}{0,5}=1,4\left(M\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=0,3.1=0,3mol\)

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

0,1        0,3                        0,15  ( mol )

\(m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7g\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Al}=9,1.2,7=6,4g\)

\(V_{H_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36l\)

nHCl = 0,3 . 1 = 0,3 (mol)

PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl -> 2AlCl3 + 3H2

Mol: 0,1 <--- 0,3 ---> 0,1 ---> 0,15

mAl = 0,1 . 27 = 2,7 (g(

mCu = 9,1 - 2,7 = 6,4 (g)

VH2 = 0,15 . 22,4 = 3,36 (l)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}0,15(mol)\\ a,PTHH:Fe+H_2SO_4\to FeSO_4+H_2\\ b,n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,15(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,15.56}{14,8}.100\%=56,76\%\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Cu}=100\%-56,76\%=43,24\%\\ c,n_{H_2SO_4}=0,15(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,15.98}{20\%}=73,5(g)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{73,5}{1,4}=52,5(l)\)

a, Ta có: 27n_Al + 56n_Fe = 22 (1)

PT: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}+n_{Fe}=\dfrac{19,832}{24,79}=0,8\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,4.27}{22}.100\%\approx49,09\%\\\%m_{Fe}\approx50,91\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b, \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=1,6\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{1,6}{0,5}=3,2\left(M\right)\)

a) Đặt  số mol của MO, M(OH)₂, MCO₃ tương ứng là x, y, z.

Nếu tạo muối trung hòa ta có các phản ứng:

MO  +  H₂SO₄   →MSO₄    +   H₂O                                   (1)

M(OH)₂  +  H₂SO₄    →MSO₄    +  2H₂O                          (2)

MCO₃   +  H₂SO₄    →MSO₄    +   H₂O + CO₂              (3)

Nếu tạo muối axít ta có các phản ứng:

MO  +  2H₂SO₄    →M(HSO₄)₂   +   H₂O                         (4)

M(OH)₂  +  2H₂SO₄    →M(HSO₄)₂      +  2H₂O                (5)

MCO₃   +  2H₂SO₄   →M(HSO₄)₂  +   H₂O + CO₂                             (6)

Ta có : 

– TH₁: Nếu muối là MSO₄   M + 96 = 218   M = 122 (loại)

– TH₂: Nếu là muối M(HSO₄)₂   M + 97.2 = 218  M = 24 (Mg)

Vậy xảy ra phản ứng (4, 5, 6) tạo muối Mg(HSO₄)₂                                            

b) Theo (4, 5, 6)    Số mol CO₂ = 0,448/22,4 = 0,02 molz = 0,02  (I)

2x + 2y + 2z = 0,12             (II)

Đề bài:       40x + 58y + 84z = 3,64 (III) 

Giải hệ (I, II, III): x = 0,02; y = 0,02; z = 0,02

%MgO = 40.0,02.100/3,64 = 21,98%

%Mg(OH)₂ = 58.0,02.100/3,64 = 31,87%   

%MgCO₃ = 84.0,02.100/3,64 = 46,15%

a)\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Al + 3H₂SO₄ → Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂

Mol:       x                                                     1,5x

PTHH: Mg + H₂SO₄ → MgSO₄ + H₂

Mol:      y                                                 y

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+24y=5,1\\1,5x+y=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27.100\%}{5,1}=52,94\%;\%m_{Mg}=100-52,94=47,06\%\)

b) 

PTHH: 2Al + 3H₂SO₄ → Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂

Mol:      0,1      0,15                  0,05                            

PTHH: Mg + H₂SO₄ → MgSO₄ + H₂

Mol:     0,1       0,1                 0,1

\(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\left(0,1+0,15\right).98.100}{9,8}=250\left(g\right)\)

m_{dd sau pứ} = 5,1+250-0,15.2 = 254,8(g)

\(C\%_{ddAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05.342.100\%}{254,8}=6,71\%\)

\(C\%_{ddMgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.120.100\%}{254,8}=4,71\%\)