Chứng minh gì bạn?

Giá trị nhỏ nhất là 3 căn 7 trên 2

\(\dfrac{3\sqrt{17}}{2}\)

Giá trị nhỏ nhất là căn 82

\(\dfrac{1}{3}\)

Lời giải:

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:

\(M=\frac{x}{\sqrt{y}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{z}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{x}}=\frac{x^2}{x\sqrt{y}}+\frac{y^2}{y\sqrt{z}}+\frac{z^2}{z\sqrt{x}}\)

\(\geq \frac{(x+y+z)^2}{x\sqrt{y}+y\sqrt{z}+z\sqrt{x}}(1)\)

Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:

\((x\sqrt{y}+y\sqrt{z}+z\sqrt{x})^2\leq (x+y+z)(xy+yz+xz)\)

Mà theo hệ quả quen thuộc của BĐT Cauchy thì:

\(xy+yz+xz\leq \frac{(x+y+z)^2}{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow (x\sqrt{y}+y\sqrt{z}+z\sqrt{x})^2\leq \frac{(x+y+z)^3}{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow x\sqrt{y}+y\sqrt{z}+z\sqrt{x}\leq \sqrt{\frac{(x+y+z)^3}{3}}(2)\)

Từ \((1);(2)\Rightarrow M\geq \sqrt{3(x+y+z)}\geq \sqrt{3.12}=6\)

Vậy \(M_{\min}=6\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=4\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{y+z-4}=a>0\\\sqrt{z+x-4}=b>0\\\sqrt{x+y-4}=c>0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{b^2+c^2-a^2+4}{2}\\y=\dfrac{c^2+a^2-b^2+4}{2}\\z=\dfrac{a^2+b^2-c^2+4}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\).

\(2P=\dfrac{b^2+c^2-a^2+4}{a}+\dfrac{c^2+a^2-b^2+4}{b}+\dfrac{a^2+b^2-c^2+4}{c}=\dfrac{a^2}{b}+\dfrac{b^2}{c}+\dfrac{c^2}{a}+\dfrac{b^2}{a}+\dfrac{c^2}{b}+\dfrac{a^2}{c}+\dfrac{4}{a}+\dfrac{4}{b}+\dfrac{4}{c}-a-b-c\).

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM:

\(\dfrac{a^2}{b}+\dfrac{b^2}{c}+\dfrac{c^2}{a}=\left(\dfrac{a^2}{b}+b\right)+\left(\dfrac{b^2}{c}+c\right)+\left(\dfrac{c^2}{a}+a\right)-\left(a+b+c\right)\ge2a+2b+2c-a-b-c=a+b+c\).

Tương tự, \(\dfrac{b^2}{a}+\dfrac{c^2}{b}+\dfrac{a^2}{c}\ge a+b+c\).

Do đó \(2P\ge a+b+c+\dfrac{4}{a}+\dfrac{4}{b}+\dfrac{4}{c}=\left(a+\dfrac{4}{a}\right)+\left(b+\dfrac{4}{b}\right)+\left(c+\dfrac{4}{c}\right)\ge4+4+4=12\Rightarrow P\ge6\).

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 2 hay x = y = z = 4.

Vậy Min P = 6 khi x = y = z = 4.

\(P=\dfrac{4x}{2.2.\sqrt{y+z-4}}+\dfrac{4y}{2.2.\sqrt{x+z-4}}+\dfrac{4z}{2.2.\sqrt{x+y-4}}\)

\(P\ge4\left(\dfrac{x}{y+z}+\dfrac{y}{z+x}+\dfrac{z}{x+y}\right)\ge4.\dfrac{3}{2}=6\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=4\)

\(P^2=\dfrac{x^2}{y}+\dfrac{y^2}{z}+\dfrac{z^2}{x}+\dfrac{2xy}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{2yz}{\sqrt{zx}}+\dfrac{2zx}{\sqrt{xy}}\)

\(P^2=\left(\dfrac{x^2}{y}+\dfrac{xy}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{xy}{\sqrt{yz}}+z\right)+\left(\dfrac{y^2}{z}+\dfrac{yz}{\sqrt{zx}}+\dfrac{yz}{\sqrt{zx}}+x\right)+\left(\dfrac{z^2}{x}+\dfrac{zx}{\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{zx}{\sqrt{xy}}+y\right)-\left(x+y+z\right)\)

\(P^2\ge4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{x^4y^2z}{y^2z}}+4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{y^4z^2x}{z^2x}}+4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{z^4x^2y}{x^2y}}-\left(x+y+z\right)=3\left(x+y+z\right)\ge36\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge6\)

\(P_{min}=6\) khi \(x=y=z=4\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bunhia dạng phân thức cho 3 số ta có:

\(\dfrac{x^2}{y+z}+\dfrac{y^2}{x+z}+\dfrac{z^2}{x+y}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{2}=\dfrac{2}{2}=1\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{y+z}=\dfrac{y}{z+x}=\dfrac{z}{x+y}\\x,y,z>0;x+y+z=2\end{matrix}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\dfrac{2}{3}\)

Áp dụng BĐT Svac-xơ cho 3 số dương có :

\(\dfrac{x^2}{y+z}+\dfrac{y^2}{z+x}+\dfrac{z^2}{x+y}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2.\left(x+y+z\right)}=1\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\dfrac{2}{3}\)

Vậy Min biểu thức cho là 1 khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{2}{3}\)