\(4\le\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{y}+1\right)\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+2\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+2\ge4\)

\(\Rightarrow2\le\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\le\sqrt{2\left(x+y\right)}\Rightarrow x+y\ge2\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{x+y}=x+y\ge2\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=1\)

Trước hết áp dụng BĐT: \(ab\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2\)

Ta có: \(\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{y}+1\right)\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\sqrt{x}+1+\sqrt{y}+1\right)^2\)

Mà \(\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{y}+1\right)\ge4\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+2\right)^2\ge4\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+2\right)^2\ge4^2\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+2\ge4\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\ge2\)

Lại áp dụng tiếp: \(\left(a+b\right)^2\le2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\Rightarrow a+b\le\sqrt{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)

Ta được: \(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\le\sqrt{2\left(x+y\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{2\left(x+y\right)}\ge\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\ge2\)

Bình phương lên: \(2\left(x+y\right)\ge4\Rightarrow x+y\ge2\)

Phần cuối chắc là hoàn toàn cơ bản rồi

\(P\le\sqrt{3\left(\sum\dfrac{1}{\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x+1\right)^2+4}\right)}\le\sqrt{3\left(\sum\dfrac{1}{4xy+4x+4}\right)}\)

\(P\le\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{4}\sum\left(\dfrac{1}{xy+x+1}\right)}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)

\(P_{max}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\) khi \(x=y=z=1\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{2x+3}=a\ge0\\\sqrt{y}=b\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow b\left(b^2+1\right)-3a^2=\left(a^2+1\right)a-3b^2\)

\(\Rightarrow a^3-b^3+3a^2-3b^2+a-b=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)+\left(a-b\right)\left(3a+3b\right)+a-b=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2+3a+3b+1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a=b\Rightarrow\sqrt{2x+3}=\sqrt{y}\)

\(\Rightarrow y=2x+3\)

\(\Rightarrow M=x\left(2x+3\right)+3\left(2x+3\right)-4x^2-3\) tới đây chắc chỉ cần bấm máy

\(A=\sqrt{x^4+4x^3+6x^2+4x+2}+\sqrt{y^4-8y^3+24y^2-32y+17}\)

\(=\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)^4+1}+\sqrt{\left(y-2\right)^4+1}\)

Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+1=u\\y-2=v\end{cases}}\Rightarrow A=\sqrt{u^4+1}+\sqrt{v^4+1}\)(với \(u,v\inℝ\))

Điều kiện đã cho ban đầu trở thành \(\left(u+1\right)\left(v+1\right)=\frac{9}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow uv+u+v+1=\frac{9}{4}\Leftrightarrow uv+u+v=\frac{5}{4}\)

Ta có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(2u-1\right)^2\ge0\forall u\inℝ\\\left(2v-1\right)^2\ge0\forall v\inℝ\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}4u^2-4u+1\ge0\\4v^2-4v+1\ge0\end{cases}}\forall u,v\inℝ\)

\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}4u^2+1\ge4u\\4v^2+1\ge4v\end{cases}}\Rightarrow u^2+v^2\ge u+v-\frac{1}{2}\forall u,v\inℝ\)(*)

và \(\left(u-v\right)^2\ge0\forall u,v\inℝ\Leftrightarrow u^2-2uv+v^2\ge0\forall u,v\inℝ\)

\(\Rightarrow u^2+v^2\ge2uv\forall u,v\inℝ\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{2}\left(u^2+v^2\right)\ge uv\forall u,v\inℝ\)(**)

Cộng theo vế của (*) và (**), ta được: \(\frac{3}{2}\left(u^2+v^2\right)\ge uv+u+v-\frac{1}{2}=\frac{5}{4}-\frac{1}{2}=\frac{3}{4}\)

\(\Rightarrow u^2+v^2\ge\frac{1}{2}\)(**

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Minkowski, ta được:

\(A=\sqrt{u^4+1}+\sqrt{v^4+1}\ge\sqrt{\left(u^2+v^2\right)^2+\left(1+1\right)^2}\)

\(=\sqrt{\left(u^2+v^2\right)^2+4}\ge\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+4}=\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}+4}=\frac{\sqrt{17}}{2}\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(u=v=\frac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow x=-\frac{1}{2};y=\frac{5}{2}\)

Vậy GTNN của A là \(\frac{\sqrt{17}}{2}\)đạt được khi \(x=-\frac{1}{2};y=\frac{5}{2}\)

Đặt \(a=2+x;b=y-1\) thì \(ab=\frac{9}{4}\)

Thì \(\sqrt{x^4+4x^3+6x^2+4x+2}=\sqrt{a^4-4a^3+6a^2-4a+2}\)

và \(\sqrt{y^4-8y^3+24y^2-32y+17}=\sqrt{b^4-4b^3+6b^2-4b+2}\) (cái này dùng phương pháp đồng nhất hệ số là xong)

Vậy ta tìm Min \(A=\sqrt{a^4-4a^3+6a^2-4a+2}+\sqrt{b^4-4b^3+6b^2-4b+2}\)

\(=\sqrt{\left(a^4-4a^3+4a^2\right)+2\left(a^2-2a+1\right)}+\sqrt{\left(b^4-4b^3+4b^2\right)+2\left(b^2-2b+1\right)}\)

\(=\sqrt{\left(a^2-2a\right)^2+\left[\sqrt{2}\left(a-1\right)\right]^2}+\sqrt{\left(b^2-2b\right)^2+\left[\sqrt{2}\left(b-1\right)\right]^2}\)

\(\ge\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2-2a-2b\right)^2+2\left(a+b-2\right)^2}\)

\(\ge\sqrt{\left[\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}-2\left(a+b\right)\right]^2+2\left(a+b-2\right)^2}\)

\(=\sqrt{\left(\frac{t^2}{2}-2t\right)^2+2\left(t-2\right)^2}\left(t=a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}=3\right)\)

\(=\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}\left(t-1\right)\left(t-3\right)\left(t^2-4t+5\right)+\frac{17}{4}}\ge\frac{\sqrt{17}}{2}\)

Trình bày hơi lủng củng, sr.

Cảm ơn bạn nhiều ạ

ĐKXĐ: ...

\(y\left(y^2-5y+4\right)+y^2=\left(y^2-5y+4\right)\sqrt{x+1}+x+1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(y^2-5y+4\right)\left(y-\sqrt{x+1}\right)+\left(y+\sqrt{x+1}\right)\left(y-\sqrt{x+1}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(y-\sqrt{x+1}\right)\left[\left(y-2\right)^2+\sqrt{x+1}\right]=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow y=\sqrt{x+1}\Rightarrow y^2=x+1\)

Thế xuống pt dưới:

\(2\sqrt{x^2-3x+3}+6x-7=\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)^2+x\sqrt{3x-2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(\sqrt{x^2-3x+3}-1\right)+x\left(x-\sqrt{3x-2}\right)=x^3-7x+6\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2\left(x^2-3x+2\right)}{\sqrt{x^2-3x+3}+1}+\dfrac{x\left(x^2-3x+2\right)}{x+\sqrt{3x-2}}=\left(x+3\right)\left(x^2-3x+2\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-3x+2=0\\\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{x^2-3x+3}+1}+\dfrac{x}{x+\sqrt{3x-2}}=x+3\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Xét (1) với \(x\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\):

\(\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{x^2-3x+3}+1}\le8-4\sqrt{3}< 1\)

\(\sqrt{3x-2}\ge0\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{x+\sqrt{3x-2}}\le1\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{x^2-3x+3}+1}+\dfrac{x}{x+\sqrt{3x-2}}< 2\\x+3>2\end{matrix}\right.\) 

\(\Rightarrow\left(1\right)\) vô nghiệm