Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:

\(\frac{x^2}{y}+\frac{y^2}{x}+\sqrt{xy}=\frac{x^3+y^3}{2xy}+\frac{x^3+y^3}{2xy}+\sqrt{xy}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{(x^3+y^3)^2}{4xy\sqrt{xy}}}\)

Bằng BĐT AM-GM, dễ thấy:

\(x^3+y^3\geq \frac{1}{2}(x+y)(x^2+y^2)\geq \sqrt{xy}(x^2+y^2)\)

\(\Rightarrow (x^3+y^3)^2\geq xy(x^2+y^2)^2=xy\sqrt{x^2+y^2}.\sqrt{(x^2+y^2)^3}\geq xy\sqrt{2xy}\sqrt{(x^2+y^2)^3}\)

\(\Rightarrow \frac{x^2}{y}+\frac{y^2}{x}+\sqrt{xy}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{\sqrt{2}(x^2+y^2)^{\frac{3}{2}}}{4}}=3\sqrt{\frac{x^2+y^2}{2}}\)

Ta có đpcm

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $x=y$

\(BDT\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^4}{x^2y^2}+\dfrac{y^4}{x^2y^2}+\dfrac{4x^2y^2}{x^2y^2}\ge3\left(\dfrac{x^2}{xy}+\dfrac{y^2}{xy}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^4+y^4-2x^2y^2+6x^2y^2}{x^2y^2}\ge\dfrac{3\left(x^2+y^2\right)}{xy}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^4+y^4-2x^2y^2}{x^2y^2}\ge\dfrac{3x^2+3y^2}{xy}-\dfrac{6xy}{xy}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(x^2-y^2\right)^2}{x^2y^2}\ge\dfrac{3\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)}{xy}=\dfrac{3\left(x-y\right)^2}{xy}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\left[\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2-3xy}{x^2y^2}\right]\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\left(\dfrac{x^2+y^2-xy}{x^2y^2}\right)\ge0\) (luôn đúng)

Vậy BĐT đã được chứng minh

\(\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}+4\ge3\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2x^2}{y^2}+\dfrac{2y^2}{x^2}+8\ge6\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}+2+\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}\right)-4\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)+4+\left(\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}-2.\dfrac{x}{y}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}-2.\dfrac{y}{x}+1\right)\ge0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}-2\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{x}{y}-1\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{y}{x}-1\right)^2\ge0\) (đúng)

cách khác

đặt \(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}=t\Rightarrow\left|t\right|\ge2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow t^2-3t+2\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(t-1\right)\left(t-2\right)\ge0\)

điều này luôn đúng với mọi |t| >=2 => dpcm

kết luận điều kiện đề hơi thừa

cái cần c/m đúng với mọi x,y khác 0

\(\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}+4\ge3\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}+4\right)\ge6\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2x^2}{y^2}+\dfrac{2y^2}{x^2}+8\ge\dfrac{6x}{y}+\dfrac{6y}{x}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}+2+\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}\right)-4\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)+4+\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}-2.\dfrac{x}{y}+1+\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}-2.\dfrac{y}{x}+1\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)^2-4.\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)+4+\left(\dfrac{x}{y}-1\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{y}{x}-1\right)^2\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}-2\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{x}{y}-1\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{y}{x}-1\right)^2\ge0^{\left(1\right)}\)

\(^{\left(1\right)}\)đúng \(\Rightarrowđpcm\)

Áp dụng BĐT : x⁴ + y⁴ ≥ 2x²y²

=> \(\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}\) ≥ 2 ( x , y > 0 )

TT , \(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\) ≥ 2 ( x , y > 0 )

Ta có : \(\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}\) + 4 ≥ 6 ( 1 )

\(3\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)\) ≥ 6 ( 2 )

Từ ( 1 ; 2) => đpcm

Đề bài sai, đề đúng thì phân thức đằng sau dấu chia phải là:

\(\dfrac{4x^4+4x^2y+y^2-4}{x^2+y+xy+x}\)

Điều kiện là \(xy\ne0\)

BĐT tương đương:

\(\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)^2-3\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)+2\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}-2\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2-xy\right)\left(x-y\right)^2}{x^2y^2}\ge0\) (luôn đúng)

\(VT=\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{x^2y^2}=\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)^2+2xy}{x^2y^2}\)

\(VT=\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)^2}{x^2y^2}+\dfrac{2}{xy}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)^2}{\left(x-y\right)^2x^2y^2}}+\dfrac{2}{xy}=\dfrac{2}{\left|xy\right|}+\dfrac{2}{xy}\ge\dfrac{2}{xy}+\dfrac{2}{xy}=\dfrac{4}{xy}\)

\(\sqrt{2x\left(y+z\right)}< =\dfrac{2x+y+z}{2}\)

=>\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x\left(y+z\right)}}>=\dfrac{2\sqrt{2}}{2x+y+z}\)

=>\(P>=2\sqrt{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{2x+y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+y+2z}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow P>=2\sqrt{2}\cdot\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{\left(2x+y+z\right)+x+2y+z+x+y+2z}=\dfrac{18\sqrt{2}}{4\cdot18\sqrt{2}}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)

Dấu = xảy ra khi x=y=z=6căn 2

Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(x\ge y\ge z\)

\(y^2-yz+z^2=y^2+\left(z-y\right)y\le y^2\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{y^2-yz+z^2}\ge\dfrac{1}{y^2}\)

Tương tự: \(\dfrac{1}{z^2-xz+x^2}\ge\dfrac{1}{x^2}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{1}{x^2-xy+y^2}+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}=\dfrac{1}{x^2-xy+y^2}+\dfrac{x^2-xy+y^2}{x^2y^2}+\dfrac{1}{xy}\)

\(P\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2-xy+y^2}{x^2y^2\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)}}+\dfrac{1}{xy}=\dfrac{3}{xy}\ge\dfrac{12}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{12}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}=3\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(1;1;0\right)\) và hoán vị