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\(\dfrac{2b+c-a}{a}=\dfrac{2c-b+a}{b}=\dfrac{2a+b-c}{c}=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=2\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2b+c-a=2a\\2c-b+a=2b\\2a+b-c=2c\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3a-2b=c\\3b-2c=a\\3c-2a=b\end{matrix}\right.\text{ và }\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3a-c=2b\\3b-a=2c\\3c-b=2a\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow P=\dfrac{a\cdot b\cdot c}{2a\cdot2b\cdot3c}=\dfrac{1}{8}\)

Vì \(a,b,c>0\Rightarrow a+b+c\ne0\)

Áp dụng tc dtsbn:

\(\dfrac{2b+c-a}{a}=\dfrac{2c-b+a}{b}=\dfrac{2a+b-c}{c}=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2b+c-a=2a\\2c-b+a=2b\\2a+b-c=2c\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3a-2b=c\\3b-2c=a\\3c-2a=b\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3a-c=2b\\3b-a=2c\\3c-b=2a\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow P=\dfrac{abc}{2a\cdot2b\cdot2c}=\dfrac{1}{8}\)

Lời giải:

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau:

\(\frac{2b+c-a}{a}=\frac{2c-b+a}{b}=\frac{2a+b-c}{c}=\frac{2b+c-a+2c-b+a2a+b-c}{a+b+c}=\frac{2(a+b+c)}{a+b+c}=2\)

\(\left\{\begin{matrix} 2b+c-a=2a\\ 2c-b+a=2b\\ 2a+b-c=2c\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} 2b+c=3a\\ 2c+a=3b\\ 2a+b=3c\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} c=3a-2b\\ a=3b-2c\\ b=3c-2a\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow (3a-2b)(3b-2c)(3c-2a)=abc\) (1)

Và \(\left\{\begin{matrix} 2b=3a-c\\ 2c=3b-a\\ 2a=3c-b\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow (3a-c)(3b-a)(3c-b)=8abc\) (2)

Từ (1),(2) suy ra \(M=\frac{abc}{8abc}=\frac{1}{8}\)

b.\(ĐK:x;y\in Z^+;x;y\ne0\)

\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{1}{5}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{5}{x}+\dfrac{5}{y}=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{5}{x}=1-\dfrac{5}{y}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{5}{x}=\dfrac{y-5}{y}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{5}=\dfrac{y}{y-5}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{5y}{y-5}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=5+\dfrac{25}{y-5}\) ( bạn chia \(5y\) cho \(y-5\) ý )

Để x;y là số nguyên dương thì \(25⋮y-5\) hay \(y-5\in U\left(25\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm5;\pm25\right\}\)

TH1: 

\(y-5=1\) 

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=6\\x=30\end{matrix}\right.\) ( tm )   ( bạn thế y=6 vào \(x=5+\dfrac{25}{y+5}\) nhé )

Xét tương tự, ta ra được nghiệm nguyên dương của phương trình:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=30\\y=6\end{matrix}\right.\)  \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=10\\y=10\end{matrix}\right.\)  \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=6\\y=30\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\frac{2b+c-a}{a}=\frac{2c-b+a}{b}=\frac{2a+b-c}{c}=\frac{2b+c-a+2c-b+a+2a+b-c}{a+b+c}=\)

\(=\frac{2a+2b+2c}{a+b+c}=2\)

+ Từ \(\frac{2b+c-a}{a}=2\Rightarrow2b+c-a=2a\Rightarrow3a-2b=c\) và \(3a-c=2b\)

+ Tương tự ta cũng có \(3b-2c=a\) và \(3b-a=2c\)

Và \(3c-2a=b\); \(3c-b=2a\)

Thay vào P

\(P=\frac{c.a.b}{2.b.2.c.2.a}=\frac{1}{8}\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có : 

\(\frac{2b+c-a}{a}=\frac{2c-b+a}{b}=\frac{2a+b-c}{c}=\frac{2b+c-a+2c-b+a+2a+b-c}{a+b+c}=\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=2\)

Do đó : 

\(\frac{2b+c-a}{a}=2\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(2b=2a+a-c=3a-c\)\(\left(1\right)\)

\(\frac{2c-b+a}{b}=2\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(2c=2b-a+b=3b-a\)\(\left(2\right)\)

\(\frac{2a+b-c}{c}=2\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(2a=2c+c-b=3c-b\)\(\left(3\right)\)

Thay (1), (2) và (3) vào P ta được : 

\(P=\frac{\left(3a-2b\right)\left(3b-2c\right)\left(3c-2a\right)}{\left(3a-c\right)\left(3b-a\right)\left(3c-b\right)}\)

\(P=\frac{\left(3a-3a+c\right)\left(3b-3b+a\right)\left(3c-3c+b\right)}{2b.2c.2a}\)

\(P=\frac{abc}{8abc}=\frac{1}{8}\)

Vậy \(P=\frac{1}{8}\)

Chúc bạn học tốt ~

Áp dụng t/c dtsbn ta có:

\(\dfrac{2b+c-a}{a}=\dfrac{2c-b+a}{b}=\dfrac{2a+b-c}{c}=\dfrac{2b+c-a+2c-b+a+2a+b-c}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{2b+2c+2a}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=2\)

\(\dfrac{2b+c-a}{a}=2\Rightarrow2b+c-a=2a\Rightarrow2b=3a-c\)\(\dfrac{2c-b+a}{b}=2\Rightarrow2c-b+a=2b\Rightarrow2c=3b-a\)

\(\dfrac{2a+b-c}{c}=2\Rightarrow2a+b-c=2c\Rightarrow2a=3c-b\)

\(P=\dfrac{\left(2a-b\right)\left(2b-c\right)\left(2c-a\right)}{2a.2b.2c}=\dfrac{\left(2a-b\right)\left(2b-c\right)\left(2c-a\right)}{8abc}\)