\(\dfrac{x+1}{2}=\dfrac{y-5}{3}=\dfrac{z-4}{4}=\dfrac{x+1+y-5-z+4}{2+3-4}\)

\(=\dfrac{7}{1}=7\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=7.2-1=13\\y=7.3+5=26\\z=7.4+4=32\end{matrix}\right.\)

Áp dụng t/c dtsbn:

\(\dfrac{x+1}{2}=\dfrac{y-5}{3}=\dfrac{z-4}{4}=\dfrac{x+1+y-5-z+4}{2+3-4}=\dfrac{7+1+4-5}{1}=7\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=14\\y-5=21\\z-4=28\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=13\\y=26\\z=32\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\dfrac{x}{x^2+yz}+\dfrac{y}{y^2+zx}+\dfrac{z}{z^2+xy}\le\dfrac{x}{2\sqrt{x^2yz}}+\dfrac{y}{2\sqrt{y^2zx}}+\dfrac{z}{2\sqrt{z^2xy}}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{zx}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}\right)\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\).

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = z = 1.

1.

Gọi \(d=ƯC\left(2n^2+3n+1;3n+1\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow2n^2+3n+1-\left(3n+1\right)⋮d\)

\(\Rightarrow2n^2⋮d\Rightarrow2n\left(3n+1\right)-3.2n^2⋮d\)

\(\Rightarrow2n⋮d\Rightarrow2\left(3n+1\right)-3.2n⋮d\Rightarrow2⋮d\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}d=1\\d=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(d=2\Rightarrow3n+1=2k\Rightarrow n=2m+1\)

\(\Rightarrow n\) lẻ thì A không tối giản

\(\Rightarrow n\) chẵn thì A tối giản

2.

Giả thiết tương đương:

\(xy^2+\dfrac{x^2}{z}+\dfrac{y}{z^2}=3\)

Đặt \(\left(x;y;\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=\left(a;b;c\right)\Rightarrow a^2c+b^2a+c^2b=3\)

Ta có: \(9=\left(a^2c+b^2a+c^2b\right)^2\le\left(a^4+b^4+c^4\right)\left(c^2+a^2+b^2\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow9\le\left(a^4+b^4+c^4\right)\sqrt{3\left(a^4+b^4+c^4\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow3\left(a^4+b^4+c^4\right)^3\ge81\Rightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4\ge3\)

\(\Rightarrow M=\dfrac{1}{a^4+b^4+c^4}\le\dfrac{1}{3}\)

\(M_{max}=\dfrac{1}{3}\) khi \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(1;1;1\right)\) hay \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(1;1;1\right)\)

Áp dụng BĐT BSC:

\(F=\dfrac{1}{2x+y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+y+2z}\)

\(\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)+\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)+\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{4}{x}+\dfrac{4}{y}+\dfrac{4}{z}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}.4=1\)

\(maxF=1\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\dfrac{3}{4}\)

\(x,y,z>0\)

Áp dụng BĐT Caushy cho 3 số ta có:

\(x^3+y^3+z^3\ge3\sqrt[3]{x^3y^3z^3}=3xyz\ge3.1=3\)

\(P=\dfrac{x^3-1}{x^2+y+z}+\dfrac{y^3-1}{x+y^2+z}+\dfrac{z^3-1}{x+y+z^2}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(x^3-1\right)^2}{\left(x^2+y+z\right)\left(x^3-1\right)}+\dfrac{\left(y^3-1\right)^2}{\left(x+y^2+z\right)\left(y^3-1\right)}+\dfrac{\left(z^3-1\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z^2\right)\left(x^3-1\right)}\)

Áp dụng BĐT Caushy-Schwarz ta có:

\(P\ge\dfrac{\left(x^3+y^3+z^3-3\right)^2}{\left(x^2+y+z\right)\left(x^3-1\right)+\left(x+y^2+z\right)\left(y^3-1\right)+\left(x+y^2+z\right)\left(y^3-1\right)}\)

\(\ge\dfrac{\left(3-3\right)^2}{\left(x^2+y+z\right)\left(x^3-1\right)+\left(x+y^2+z\right)\left(y^3-1\right)+\left(x+y^2+z\right)\left(y^3-1\right)}=0\)

\(P=0\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)

Vậy \(P_{min}=0\)

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