Ta có
\(\frac{1}{1.3}+\frac{1}{3.5}+\frac{1}{5.7}+...+\frac{1}{\left(2n+1\right).\left(2n+3\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{3}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{5}\right)+...+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{2n+1}-\frac{1}{2n+3}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{5}+...+\frac{1}{2n+1}-\frac{1}{2n+3}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{2n+3}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{2n+2}{2n+3}\)
\(=\frac{2n+2}{4n+6}=\frac{2\left(n+1\right)}{2\left(2n+3\right)}=\frac{n+1}{2n+3}\)
\(\RightarrowĐPCM\)

c) \(n\left(2n-3\right)-2n\left(n+1\right)\)

\(=2n^2-3n-2n^2-2n\)

\(=-5n\)Vì n nguyên

\(\Rightarrow-5n⋮5\left(đpcm\right)\)

a) \(\left(2n+3\right)^2-9\)

\(=\left(2n+3-3\right)\left(2n+3+3\right)\)

\(=2n\left(2n+6\right)\)

\(=4n\left(n+3\right)\)

Do \(n\in Z\Rightarrow n+3\in Z\)

\(\Rightarrow4n\left(n+3\right)⋮4\left(đpcm\right)\)

b) \(n^2\left(n+1\right)+2n\left(n+1\right)\)

\(=\left(n+1\right)\left(n^2+2n\right)\)

\(=n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\)

Vì \(n\in Z\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1\in Z\\n+2\in Z\end{matrix}\right.\)

Mà n,n+1,n+2 là 3 sô nguyên liên tiếp

\(\Rightarrow n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+3\right)⋮6\left(dpcm\right)\)

Bài 1:

 ta có 3^3 = 27 chia 13 dư 1

=> (3^3)^670 = 3^ 2010 chia 13 dư 1 (1) 
5^2 = 25 chia 13 dư (-1)

=> (5^2)^1005 chia 13 dư (-1)^ 1005 = (-1) (2) 
Từ (1); (2)

=> 3^2010+5^2010 chia 13 dư 1 + (-1) = 0 
hay 3^2010+5^2010 chia hết cho 13. 

bài 1:

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Thử n=1 là thấy sai đề nha

\(P\left(n\right)=2^2+4^2+...+\left(2n\right)^2=\dfrac{2n\left(n+1\right)\left(2n+1\right)}{3}\)     (1)

\(n=1\) ta có: \(P\left(n\right)=2^2=\dfrac{2\cdot2\cdot3}{3}=4\)    => (1) đúng với n=1

Giả sử (1) đúng với n tức là \(2^2+4^2+...+\left(2n\right)^2=\dfrac{2n\left(n+1\right)\left(2n+1\right)}{3}\)

Ta sẽ c/m (1) đúng với n+1

Có \(2^2+4^2+...+\left(2n\right)^2+\left(2n+2\right)^2\)

\(=\dfrac{2n\left(n+1\right)\left(2n+1\right)}{3}+4\left(n+1\right)^2\)

\(=\left(n+1\right)\dfrac{2n\left(2n+1\right)+12\left(n+1\right)}{3}=\dfrac{\left[2n+2\right]\left(n+2\right)\left(2n+3\right)}{3}\)

=> (1) đúng với n+1

Theo nguyên lý quy nạp ta có đpcm

\(\left(\frac{1}{1}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{5}+....+\frac{1}{2n-1}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+....+\frac{1}{2n}\right)=\left(\frac{1}{1}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+.....+\frac{1}{2n-1}+\frac{1}{2n}\right)-2\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+.....+\frac{1}{2n}\right)=\frac{1}{1}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2n-1}+\frac{1}{2n}-\frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{2}-....-\frac{1}{n}=\frac{1}{n+1}+\frac{1}{n+2}+....+\frac{1}{2n}\left(\text{đpcm}\right)\)

Bài toán sai với $n=0$

\(A=\left(n-1\right)\left(n+4\right)-\left(n+1\right)\)

\(A=n^2+3n-4-n-1\)

\(A=n^2+2n-5\)

Giả sử n = 1 thì A không chia hết cho 6 nên đề bài vô lí

Với n=2 thì (n-1)(n+4)-(n+1) không chia hết cho 6

Ta thấy \(\frac{3}{4}=\frac{1}{1^2}-\frac{1}{2^2};\frac{5}{36}=\frac{1}{2^2}-\frac{1}{3^2};...\)

Tổng quát:  \(\frac{2n+1}{n^2\left(n+1\right)^2}=\frac{\left(n+1\right)^2-n^2}{n^2\left(n+1\right)^2}=\frac{1}{n^2}-\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)^2}\)

Đặt \(A=\frac{3}{4}+\frac{5}{36}+...+\frac{2n+1}{n^2\left(n+1\right)^2}\)

\(\Rightarrow A=1-\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^2}-\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{n^2}-\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)^2}\)

\(A=1-\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)^2}\)

Do \(\left(n+1\right)^2>0\Rightarrow A< 1.\)