4: Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

\(\dfrac{x}{8}=\dfrac{y}{12}=\dfrac{z}{15}=\dfrac{x-y-z}{8-12-15}=\dfrac{38}{-19}=-2\)

Do đó: x=-16; y=-24; z=-30

a: \(\dfrac{x}{6}=\dfrac{y}{-3}\)

mà x-y=27

nên Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

\(\dfrac{x}{6}=\dfrac{y}{-3}=\dfrac{x-y}{6-\left(-3\right)}=\dfrac{27}{9}=3\)

=>\(x=3\cdot6=18;y=-3\cdot3=-9\)

b: \(\dfrac{x}{8}=\dfrac{y}{1,5}\)

mà x-4y=-0,2

nên Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

\(\dfrac{x}{8}=\dfrac{y}{1,5}=\dfrac{x-4y}{8-4\cdot1,5}=\dfrac{-0.2}{2}=-0.1\)

=>\(x=-0,1\cdot8=-0,8;y=-0,1\cdot1,5=-0,15\)

c: \(\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{11}{13}\)

=>\(\dfrac{x}{11}=\dfrac{y}{13}\)

mà 2x+3y=122

nên Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

\(\dfrac{x}{11}=\dfrac{y}{13}=\dfrac{2x+3y}{2\cdot11+3\cdot13}=\dfrac{122}{61}=2\)

=>\(x=2\cdot11=22;y=2\cdot13=26\)

d: \(\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{5}{-3}\)

=>\(\dfrac{x}{5}=\dfrac{y}{-3}\)

mà 3x-2y=42

nên Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

\(\dfrac{x}{5}=\dfrac{y}{-3}=\dfrac{3x-2y}{3\cdot5-2\cdot\left(-3\right)}=\dfrac{42}{21}=2\)

=>\(x=2\cdot5=10;y=2\cdot\left(-3\right)=-6\)

e: 3x=5y

=>\(\dfrac{x}{5}=\dfrac{y}{3}\)

mà x-y=10,2(vì y-x=-10,2)

nên Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

\(\dfrac{x}{5}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{x-y}{5-3}=\dfrac{10.2}{2}=5.1\)

=>\(x=5,1\cdot5=25,5;y=5,1\cdot3=15,3\)

C

1.

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y+x^3y+xy^2+xy=-\dfrac{5}{4}\\x^4+y^2+xy\left(1+2x\right)=-\dfrac{5}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x^2+y\right)+xy+xy\left(x^2+y\right)=-\dfrac{5}{4}\\\left(x^2+y\right)^2+xy=-\dfrac{5}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\left(1\right)\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y=a\\xy=b\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b+ab=-\dfrac{5}{4}\\a^2+b=-\dfrac{5}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-a^2-\dfrac{5}{4}-a\left(a^2+\dfrac{5}{4}\right)=-\dfrac{5}{4}\\b=-a^2-\dfrac{5}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2-a^3-\dfrac{1}{4}a=0\\b=-a^2-\dfrac{5}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-a\left(a^2-a+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)=0\\b=-a^2-\dfrac{5}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a\left(a-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2=0\\b=-a^2-\dfrac{5}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0\\b=-\dfrac{5}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{1}{2}\\b=-\dfrac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)

TH1: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0\\b=-\dfrac{5}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y=0\\xy=-\dfrac{5}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{10}}{2}\\y=-\dfrac{5}{2\sqrt[3]{10}}\end{matrix}\right.\)

TH2: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{1}{2}\\b=-\dfrac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y=\dfrac{1}{2}\\xy=-\dfrac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-\dfrac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Kết luận: Phương trình đã cho có nghiệm \(\left(x;y\right)\in\left\{\left(\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{10}}{2};-\dfrac{5}{2\sqrt[3]{10}}\right);\left(1;-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)\right\}\)

2.

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x+1\right)^3-16\left(x+1\right)=\left(\dfrac{2}{y}\right)^3-4\left(\dfrac{2}{y}\right)\\1+\left(\dfrac{2}{y}\right)^2=5\left(x+1\right)^2+5\end{matrix}\right.\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=u\\\dfrac{2}{y}=v\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u^3-16u=v^3-4v\\v^2=5u^2+4\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u^3-v^3=16u-4v\\4=v^2-5u^2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow4\left(u^3-v^3\right)=\left(16u-4v\right)\left(v^2-5u^2\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow21u^3-5u^2v-4uv^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow u\left(7u-4v\right)\left(3u+v\right)=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}u=0\Rightarrow v^2=4\\u=\dfrac{4v}{7}\Rightarrow4=v^2-5\left(\dfrac{4v}{7}\right)^2\\v=-3u\Rightarrow4=\left(-3u\right)^2-5u^2\end{matrix}\right.\) 

\(\Rightarrow...\)

a) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5y-5x=xy\\\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{4}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5y-5x=xy\\\dfrac{x+y}{xy}=\dfrac{4}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5y-5x=xy\\5\left(x+y\right)=4xy\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5y-5x=xy\\5\left(x+y\right)=4\left(5y-5x\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5y-5x=xy\\5x+5y=20y-20x\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5y-5x=xy\\5x+5y-20y+20x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5y-5x=xy\\-15y+25x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5y-5x=xy\\-5\left(3y-5x\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5y-5x=xy\\3y-5x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5y-5x=xy\\5x=3y\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5y-3y=xy\\5x=3y\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2y=xy\\5x=3y\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=\dfrac{10}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{2x-3y}+\dfrac{5}{3x+y}=\dfrac{5}{8}\\\dfrac{2}{2x-3y}-\dfrac{5}{3x+y}=\dfrac{-3}{8}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Đặt \(\dfrac{1}{2x-3y}=a;\dfrac{1}{3x+y}=b\)

=> hpt <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+5b=\dfrac{5}{8}\\2a-5b=\dfrac{-3}{8}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+5b=\dfrac{5}{8}\\2a-5b+a+5b=\dfrac{-3}{8}+\dfrac{5}{8}=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+5b=\dfrac{5}{8}\\3a=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+5b=\dfrac{5}{8}\\a=\dfrac{1}{12}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{1}{12}\\b=\dfrac{13}{120}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{2x-3y}=\dfrac{1}{12}\\\dfrac{1}{3x+y}=\dfrac{13}{120}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-3y=12\\3x+y=\dfrac{120}{13}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{516}{143}\\y=-\dfrac{228}{143}\end{matrix}\right.\)

c) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y=2\\y-3z=2\\-3x-2y+z=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y+2\\y=3z+2\\-3\left(y+2\right)-2\left(3z+2\right)+z=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y+2\\y=3z+2\\-3y-6-6z-4+z=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y+2\\y=3z+2\\-3y-5z=8\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y+2\\y=3z+2\\-3\left(3z+2\right)-5z=8\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y+2\\y=3z+2\\-9z-6-5z=8\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y+2\\y=3z+2\\-14z=14\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\left(-1\right)+2=1\\y=3\left(-1\right)+2=-1\\z=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy...

\(\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{8}=\dfrac{z}{5}\)          Áp dụng .... ta đc

\(\dfrac{2x}{6}=\dfrac{3y}{24}=\dfrac{z}{5}=\dfrac{2x+3y-z}{6+24-5}=\dfrac{50}{25}=2\)

\(\dfrac{x}{3}=2\)

\(x=6\)

\(\dfrac{y}{8}=2\\ y=16\\ \dfrac{z}{5}=2\\ z=10\)

Ta có: \(\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{8}=\dfrac{z}{5}\)

nên \(\dfrac{2x}{6}=\dfrac{3y}{24}=\dfrac{z}{5}\)

Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

\(\dfrac{2x}{6}=\dfrac{3y}{24}=\dfrac{z}{5}=\dfrac{2x+3y-z}{6+24-5}=\dfrac{50}{25}=2\)

Do đó: x=6; y=16; z=10

1/ Ta có xy=-6

Với x=-6 => y=1

x=-3 => y=2 

x= -2 => y=3

x=-1 => y=6

2/ Ta có x=y+4 

Thay x=y+4 vào bt, ta được 

<=> y+4-3/y-2 =3/2

<=> y+1/y-2=3/2

<=> 2(y+1)=3(y-2)

<=> 2y +2 = 3y - 6

<=> 3y - 2y= 2+ 6

<=> y= 8 <=> x= 12

3/ -4/8 = x/-10 <=> x= (-4)*(-10)/8=5

-4/8 = -7/y <=> y=(-7)*8/(-4) =14

-4/8 = z/-24 <=> z= (-4)*(-24)/8=12

\(\frac{x+4}{6}=\frac{3y-1}{8}=\frac{\left(3y-1\right)-\left(x+4\right)}{8-6}=\frac{3y-x-5}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{3y-x-5}{x}=\frac{3y-x-5}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow x=2\)

Từ đó ta suy ra được : y = 3

Bài 1:

a) \(\dfrac{x}{15}=\dfrac{-2}{3,5}\)\(\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{15\cdot\left(-2\right)}{3,5}=-\dfrac{60}{7}\)

b) \(\dfrac{16}{x}=\dfrac{x}{25}\)\(\Rightarrow x^2=16\cdot25\Rightarrow x^2=400\Rightarrow x=\pm20\)

c) \(\dfrac{0,5}{0,7}=\dfrac{-0,1}{5x}\)\(\Rightarrow5x=\dfrac{\left(-0,1\right)\cdot0,7}{0,5}=-\dfrac{7}{50}\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{-\dfrac{7}{50}}{5}=-0,028\)

Bài 3:

a) Theo đề, ta có:

\(\dfrac{x}{5}=\dfrac{y}{25}\) và \(x+y=60\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau:

\(\dfrac{x}{5}=\dfrac{y}{25}=\dfrac{x+y}{5+25}=\dfrac{60}{30}=2\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{5}=2\Rightarrow x=10\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{25}=2\Rightarrow y=50\)

b) Theo đề ta có:

\(5x=3y\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{5}\) và \(x-y=-5\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau:

\(\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{5}=\dfrac{x-y}{3-5}=\dfrac{-5}{-2}=2,5\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{3}=2,5\Rightarrow x=7,5\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{5}=2,5\Rightarrow y=12,5\)

c) Theo đề ta có:

\(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{z}{6}\) và \(y+z-x=8\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau:

\(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{z}{6}=\dfrac{y+z-x}{4+6-2}=\dfrac{8}{8}=1\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{2}=1\Rightarrow x=2\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{4}=1\Rightarrow y=4\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{z}{6}=1\Rightarrow z=6\)

d) Theo đề ta có

\(\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{4}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{9}=\dfrac{y}{12}\left(1\right)\)

\(\dfrac{y}{6}=\dfrac{z}{8}\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{12}=\dfrac{z}{16}\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{9}=\dfrac{y}{12}=\dfrac{z}{16}\) và \(x+y-z=50\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau:

\(\dfrac{x}{9}=\dfrac{y}{12}=\dfrac{z}{16}=\dfrac{x+y-z}{9+12-16}=\dfrac{50}{5}=10\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{9}=10\Rightarrow x=90\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{12}=10\Rightarrow y=120\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{z}{16}=10\Rightarrow z=160\)

e) Theo đề ta có:

\(\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{z}{5}\)và \(2x+3y+5z=86\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau

\(\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{z}{5}=\dfrac{2x+3y+5z}{2\cdot3+3\cdot4+5\cdot5}=\dfrac{86}{43}=2\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{3}=2\Rightarrow x=6\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{4}=2\Rightarrow y=8\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{z}{5}=2\Rightarrow z=10\)

f) Theo đề ta có

\(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{5}=\dfrac{z}{7}\)và \(x+y+z=-28\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau

\(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{5}=\dfrac{z}{7}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{2+5+7}=\dfrac{-28}{14}=-2\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{2}=-2\Rightarrow x=-4\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{5}=-2\Rightarrow y=-10\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{z}{7}=-2\Rightarrow z=-14\)

g) Theo đề ta có

\(\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{7}=\dfrac{z}{2}\) và \(2x^2+y^2+3z^2=316\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau

\(\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{7}=\dfrac{z}{2}=\dfrac{2x^2+y^2+3z^2}{2\cdot3^2+7^2+3\cdot2^2}=\dfrac{316}{79}=4\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{3}=4\Rightarrow x=12\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{7}=4\Rightarrow y=28\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{z}{2}=4\Rightarrow z=8\)

Bài 2:

\(\left(-25\right)\cdot4=\left(-2\right)\cdot50\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{-25}{-2}=\dfrac{50}{4}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{-25}{50}=\dfrac{-2}{4}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{4}{-2}=\dfrac{50}{-25}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{4}{50}=\dfrac{-2}{-25}\)