n Al = a(mol) ; n Fe = b(mol)

=> 27a + 56b = 20,65(1)

2Al + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2

a...........1,5a............0,5a............1.5a..(mol)

Fe + H2SO4 → FeSO4 + H2

b...........b..............b............b......(mol)

=> n H2 = 1,5a + b = 0,725(2)

Từ 1,2 suy ra a = 0,35 ; b = 0,2

Suy ra :

%m Al = 0,35.27/20,65  .100% = 45,76%
%m Fe = 100% -45,76% = 54,24%

m H2SO4 = (1,5a + b).98 = 71,05 gam

m muối = m kim loại + m H2SO4 -m H2 = 20,65 + 71,05 -0,725.2 = 90,25 gam

Câu 1:

Đặt \(n_{Al}=x(mol);n_{Fe}=y(mol)\Rightarrow 27x+56y=0,83(1)\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,56}{22,4}=0,025(mol)\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\to Al_2(SO_4)_3+3H_2\\ Fe+H_2SO_4\to FeSO_4+H_2\\ \Rightarrow 1,5x+y=0,025(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow x=y=0,01(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Al}=\dfrac{0,01.27}{0,83}.100\%=32,53\%\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Fe}=100\%-32,53\%=67,47\%\)

Câu 2:

Đặt \(n_{Al}=x(mol);n_{Mg}=y(mol)\Rightarrow 27x+24y=4,5(1)\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,04}{22,4}=0,225(mol)\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\to Al_2(SO_4)_3+3H_2\\ Mg+H_2SO_4\to MgSO_4+H_2\\ \Rightarrow 1,5x+y=0,225(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow x=0,1(mol);y=0,075(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27}{4,5}.100\%=60\%\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Mg}=100\%-60\%=40\%\)

Dạng PP hai dòng:

\(PTHH:2A+Cl_2\to 2ACl\\ \Rightarrow n_A=n_{ACl}\\ \Rightarrow \dfrac{9,2}{M_A}=\dfrac{23,4}{M_A+35,5}\\ \Rightarrow M_A=23(g/mol)\)

Vậy A là natri

\(m_{cr}=m_{Fe}=12.8\left(g\right)\)

\(NaOH+Al+H_2O\rightarrow NaAlO_2+\dfrac{3}{2}H_2\)

\(m_{Al}=m_{hh}-m_{Fe}=18.2-12.8=5.4\left(g\right)\)

\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{5.4}{18.2}\cdot100\%=29.67\%\)

Al pư NaOH, Fe không pư NaOH nhé, nên chất rắn sau pư là Fe

\(2Al + 2NaOH + 2H_2O \rightarrow 2NaAlO_2 + 3H_2\)

\(m_{Al}= m_{hh} - m_{Fe}= 18,2 - 12,8 = 5,4 g\)

%m_Al=\(\dfrac{5,4}{18,2} . 100\)%  = 29,67%

Câu 1:

Gọi số mol Al, Fe là a,b (mol)

=> 27a + 56b = 41,5

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{28}{22,4}=1,25\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

______a-------------------------->1,5a_______(mol)

Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl₂ + H₂

b---------------------------->b_______________(mol)

=> 1,5a + b = 1,25

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,5\\b=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{56.0,5}{41,5}.100\%=67,47\%\\\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{27.0,5}{41,5}.100\%=32,53\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

Câu 1:

Đặt \(n_{Al}=x(mol);n_{Fe}=y(mol)\Rightarrow 27x+56y=41,5(1)\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{28}{22,4}=1,25(mol)\\ PTHH:2Al+3H_2SO_4\to Al_2(SO_4)_3+3H_2\\ Fe+H_2SO_4\to FeSO_4+H_2\\ \Rightarrow 1,5x+y=1,25(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow x=y=0,5(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,5.56}{41,5}.100\%\approx 67,5\%\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Al}=100\%-67,5\%=32,5\%\)

Chọn D

Câu 2:

\(PTHH:Mg+2HCl\to MgCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{Mg}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,25.24}{27,6}.100\%=21,74\%\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Ag}=100\%-21,74\%=78,26\%\)

Chọn A

Chọn A

Đáp án A

n H 2   =   0 , 2   ( m o l )

=> m_hh= m_Fe + m_Al

Bảo toàn electron:

Đáp án B

Cho Al và Ag phản ứng với H 2 S O 4 loãng, dư chỉ có Al phản ứng.

% m A l   = 10,8 12 .100 % = 90 % .

% m A g   =   100 %   -   90 %   =   10 %

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Al + 3H₂SO₄ --> Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂

_____0,4<-----------------------------------0,6

=> \(\%Al=\dfrac{0,4.27}{12}.100\%=90\%\)

%Ag = 100% - 90% = 10%

a, Ta có: 27n_Al + 56n_Fe = 0,83 (1)

PT: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)

\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}+n_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,56}{22,4}=0,025\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow n_{Al}=n_{Fe}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,01.27}{0,83}.100\%\approx32,53\%\\\%m_{Fe}\approx67,47\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b, n_H2SO4 = n_H2 = 0,025 (mol)

\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,025.98}{20\%}=12,25\left(g\right)\)