a, PT: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

b, Gọi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=2n_{Fe}+2n_{Mg}=2x+2y\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}+n_{Mg}=x+y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=36,5.\left(2x+2y\right)=73\left(x+y\right)\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{73\left(x+y\right)}{20\%}=365\left(x+y\right)\left(g\right)\)

Ta có: m _{dd sau pư} = m_Fe + m_Mg + m _{dd HCl} - m_H2 = 56x + 24y + 365.(x+y) - 2.(x+y) = 419x + 387y (g)

Theo PT: \(n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg}=y\left(mol\right)\)

\(C\%_{MgCl_2}=11,87\%\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{95y}{419x+387y}=0,1187\) 

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}=0,9865\Rightarrow x=0,9865y\)

Theo PT: \(n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=x\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{127x}{419x+387y}.100\%=\dfrac{127.0,9865y}{419.0,9865y+387y}.100\%\approx15,65\%\) 

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=n_{MgCl_2}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=n_{FeCl_2}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow24a+56b=5,12\)  (1)

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,688}{22,4}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)

Bảo toàn electron: \(2a+2b=0,24\)  (2)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=n_{MgCl_2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\b=n_{FeCl_2}=0,07\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(n_{HCl\left(p/ứ\right)}=2n_{MgCl_2}+2n_{FeCl_2}=0,24\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: \(NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)

Theo PTHH: \(n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=n_{NaOH}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{HCl}=0,3\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,3\cdot36,5}{36,5\%}=30\left(g\right)\)

Mặt khác: \(m_{H_2}=0,12\cdot2=0,24\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{KL}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=34,88\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,07\cdot127}{34,88}\cdot100\%\approx25,49\%\\C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,05\cdot95}{34,88}\cdot100\%\approx13,62\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,04\cdot36,5}{34,88}\cdot100\%\approx4,19\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(a.Mg+2HCl->MgCl_2+H_2\\ Fe+2HCl->FeCl_2+H_2\\ b.Giả.sử:có:100g.dd.HCl\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{20\%.100}{36,5}=\dfrac{40}{73}mol\\ n_{Fe}=a;n_{Mg}=b\\ 2a+2b=\dfrac{40}{73}\\ BTKL:m_{ddsau}=56a+24b+100-2\left(a+b\right)=54a+22b+100\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{95b}{54a+22b+100}=\dfrac{11,787}{100}\\ -54a+783,97b=100\\ a=b=0,137\left(mol\right)\\ C\%FeCl_2=\dfrac{0,137\cdot127}{\dfrac{95\cdot0,137}{11,787\%}}\cdot100\%=15,757\%\)

a) Bảo toàn nguyên tố H : \(n_{HCl}.1=2n_{H_2}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

=> nH2=0,3(mol)

=> \(V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)

b) Áp dụng định luật bảo toàn khối lượng :

 \(m_{ct}=m_{kl}+m_{HCl}-m_{H_2}=10,4+0,6.36,5-0,3.2=31,7\left(g\right)\)

Gọi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) ⇒ 24x + 56y = 16 (1)

Có: m _{dd tăng} = m_Mg + m_Fe - m_H2

⇒ m_H2 = 16 - 15,2 = 0,8 (g) \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,8}{2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

BT e, có: 2n_Mg + 2n_Fe = 2n_H2 ⇒ x + y = 0,4 (2)

Từ (1) và (2) ⇒ x = y = 0,2 (mol)

BTNT H, có: n_HCl = 2n_H2 = 0,8 (mol)

\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,8.36,5}{20\%}=146\left(g\right)\)

⇒ m _{dd sau pư} = 146 + 15,2 = 161,2 (g)

BTNT Mg, có: n_MgCl2 = n_Mg = 0,2 (mol)

\(\Rightarrow C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.95}{161,2}.100\%\approx11,79\%\)

PT: \(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)

\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)

a, Giả sử: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

⇒ 24x + 27y = 12,6 (1)

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}+\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=x+\dfrac{3}{2}y\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow x+\dfrac{3}{2}y=0,6\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,3\left(mol\right)\\y=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{MG}=\dfrac{0,3.24}{12,6}.100\%\approx57,1\%\\\%m_{Al}\approx42,9\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b, Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\n_{MgSO_4}=n_{Mg}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=0,6.98=58,8\left(g\right)\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{58,8}{14,7\%}=400\left(g\right)\)

Ta có: m _{dd sau pư} = 12,6 + 400 - 0,6.2 = 411,4 (g)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,3.120}{411,4}.100\%\approx8,75\%\\C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,1.342}{411,4}.100\%\approx8,31\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bạn tham khảo nhé!

2Fe(OH)3 -----to---> Fe2O3 + 3H2O

Mg(OH)2 ----to---> MgO + H2O

Gọi x, y lần lượt là số mol Fe(OH)3 và Mg(OH)2

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}107x+58y=16,5\\\dfrac{1}{2}.160x+y.40=12\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> x=0,1 ; y=0,1

\(\%m_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{107.0,1}{16,5}.100=64,85\%\)

%Mg(OH)2 = 35,15%

b) \(2Fe\left(OH\right)_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+6H_2O\)

           0,1----------------------------------->0,05

\(Mg\left(OH\right)_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+2H_2O\)

0,1------------------------------------>0,1

\(m_{ddsaupu}=16,5+200=216,5\left(g\right)\)

\(C\%_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05.400}{216,5}.100=9,24\%\)

\(C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.12}{216,5}.100=5,54\%\)

1. Gọi mol của Mg và Al là x, y mol

=> 24x + 27y = 12,6 (1)

nH2 = 0,6 mol => x + 1,5y = 0,6 (2)

Từ (1) (2) => x = 0,3 ; y = 0,2 

=> %Mg = 57,14%

=> %Al = 42,86%

nH2=13,44/22,4=0,6(mol)

Đặt: nMg=a(mol); nAl=b(mol) (a,b>0)

1) PTHH: Mg + H2SO4 -> MgSO4 + H2

a__________a________a_____a(mol)

2Al +3 H2SO4 -> Al2(SO4)3 + 3 H2

b___1,5b______0,5b____1,5b(mol)

Ta có hpt:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+27b=12,6\\a+1,5b=0,6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,3\\b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> mMg=0,3.24=7,2(g)

=>%mMg= (7,2/12,6).100=57,143%

=>%mAl=42,857%

2) mMgSO4=120.a=120.0,3=36(g)

mAl2(SO4)3=342.0,5b=342.0,5.0,2= 34,2(g)

mH2SO4= (0,3+0,2.1,5).98=58,8(g)

=>mddH2SO4=58,8: 14,7%=400(g)

=>mddsau= 12,6+400 - 2.0,6= 411,4(g)

=>C%ddAl2(SO4)3= (34,2/411,4).100=8,313%

C%ddMgSO4=(36/411,4).100=8,751%