\(\left(3^x;3^y;3^z\right)=\left(a;b;c\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a;b;c>0\\ab+bc+ca=abc\end{matrix}\right.\)

BĐT cần chứng minh trở thành:

\(\dfrac{a^2}{a+bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{b+ca}+\dfrac{c^2}{c+ab}\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{4}\)

Thật vậy, ta có:

\(VT=\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+abc}+\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+abc}+\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+abc}\)

\(VT=\dfrac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{b^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{c^3}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\)

Áp dụng AM-GM:

\(\dfrac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{a+b}{8}+\dfrac{a+c}{8}\ge\dfrac{3a}{4}\)

Làm tương tự với 2 số hạng còn lại, cộng vế với vế rồi rút gọn, ta sẽ có đpcm

\(\Sigma\left(\dfrac{x^5-x^2}{x^5+y^2+z^2}\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\Sigma\left(1-\dfrac{x^5-x^2}{x^5+y^2+z^2}\right)\le3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\Sigma\left(\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{x^5+y^2+z^2}\right)\le3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x^5+y^2+z^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^5+x^2+z^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^5+x^2+y^2}\le\dfrac{3}{x^2+y^2+z^2}\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bunyakovsky

\(\Rightarrow\left(x^5+y^2+z^2\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+y^2+z^2\right)\ge\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x^5+y^2+z^2}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{x}+y^2+z^2}{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}\)

Thiết lập tương tự và thu lại ta có

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x^5+y^2+z^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^5+x^2+z^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^5+x^2+y^2}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}+2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}\)

Chứng minh rằng \(\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}+2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}\le\dfrac{3}{x^2+y^2+z^2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}+2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}\le\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\le x^2+y^2+z^2\) ( vì \(xyz=1\) )

\(\Leftrightarrow xy+yz+xz\le x^2+y^2+z^2\) ( luôn đúng theo hệ quả của bất đẳng thức Cauchy )

\(\Rightarrow\) đpcm

Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)

ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a\ne0\\b\ne0\\c\ne0\end{matrix}\right.\)Ta có: \(\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\cdot\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\cdot\left(\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2=x^2+\dfrac{x^2\cdot\left(b^2+c^2\right)}{a^2}+y^2+\dfrac{y^2\left(a^2+c^2\right)}{b^2}+z^2+\dfrac{z^2\cdot\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{c^2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\cdot\dfrac{b^2+c^2}{a^2}+y^2\cdot\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2}+z^2\cdot\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{c^2}=0\)(1)

Vì (1) luôn không âm mà a,b,c≠0

nên x=y=z=0

⇒\(\dfrac{x^{2019}+y^{2019}+z^{2019}}{a^{2019}+b^{2019}+c^{2019}}=\dfrac{0^{2019}+0^{2019}+0^{2019}}{a^{2019}+b^{2019}+c^{2019}}=0\)

mà \(\dfrac{x^{2019}}{a^{2019}}+\dfrac{y^{2019}}{b^{2019}}+\dfrac{z^{2019}}{c^{2019}}=\dfrac{0^{2019}}{a^{2019}}+\dfrac{0^{2019}}{b^{2019}}+\dfrac{0^{2019}}{c^{2019}}=0\)

nên \(\dfrac{x^{2019}+y^{2019}+z^{2019}}{a^{2019}+b^{2019}+c^{2019}}=\dfrac{x^{2019}}{a^{2019}}+\dfrac{y^{2019}}{b^{2019}}+\dfrac{z^{2019}}{c^{2019}}\)

Đề bài sai

Hãy thử với \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(100;1;100\right)\)

\(\dfrac{x-y}{x+y}=\dfrac{z-x}{z+x}\\ \Rightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(z+x\right)=\left(x+y\right)\left(z-x\right)\\ \Rightarrow xz+x^2-yz-yx=xz-x^2+yz-yx\\ \Rightarrow xz-xz+x^2+x^2=yz+yz-yx+yx\\ \Rightarrow2x^2=2yz\\ \Rightarrow x^2=yz\)