Cách khác dễ hiểu hơn

Áp dụng BĐT Cô si 2 số ko âm 

Ta có: \(\frac{a^3}{b}+ab\ge2\sqrt{a^4}=2a^2\)

Tương tự rồi sau đó lại có:

\(\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}+ab+bc+ca\ge2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}\ge ab+bc+ca\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cô si với 3 số k âm 

\(\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{a^3}{b}+b^2\ge\frac{3\sqrt[3]{a^3.a^3.b^2}}{b^2}=3a^2\)

\(\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{b^3}{c}+b^2\ge3b^2\)

\(\frac{c^3}{a}+\frac{c^3}{a}+c^2\ge3c^2\)

\(\Rightarrow2\left(\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}\right)+a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}\ge a^2+b^2+c^2\)

Mà \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}\ge ab+bc+ca\)

Do \(a+b+c=1\) nên BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương:

\(2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)+3abc\ge\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\ge ab\left(a+b\right)+bc\left(b+c\right)+ca\left(c+a\right)\)

Thật vậy, ta có:

\(2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)=\left(a^3+b^3\right)+\left(b^3+c^3\right)+\left(c^3+a^3\right)\)

\(=\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2-ab\right)+\left(b+c\right)\left(b^2+c^2-bc\right)+\left(c+a\right)\left(c^2+a^2-ca\right)\)

\(\ge\left(a+b\right)\left(2ab-ab\right)+\left(b+c\right)\left(2bc-bc\right)+\left(c+a\right)\left(2ca-ca\right)\)

\(=ab\left(a+b\right)+bc\left(b+c\right)+ca\left(c+a\right)\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)

a: Ta có: \(a+b+c=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=-c\\a+c=-b\\b+c=-a\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ta có: a+b+c=0

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^3=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+3\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)

b: Ta có: \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)-3abc=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2\right)-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c=0\)

a) \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3a^2b-3ab^2-3abc=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a+b\right)c+c^2\right]-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2-3ab\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\right)=0\)(đúng do a+b+c = 0)

b) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\\\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\\\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2+b^2\ge2ab\\b^2+c^2\ge2bc\\c^2+a^2\ge2ac\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+ac+bc\)

\(ĐTXR\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\), mà a,b,c đôi một khác nhau => Đẳng thức không xảy ra\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2>ab+ac+bc\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc>0\)

Ta có: ​\(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3a^2b-3ab^2-3abc=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a+b\right)c+c^2\right]-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2-3ab\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\right)=0\)​\(\Rightarrow a+b+c=0\)( do (1))

a: Ta có: a+b+c=0

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=-c\\a+c=-b\\b+c=-a\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ta có: a+b+c=0

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^3=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+3\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)

b: Ta có: \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)-3abc=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2\right)-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c=0\)

a )

`VP= (a+b)^3-3ab(a+b)`

     `=a^3+3a^2b+3ab^2+b^3-3a^2b-3ab^2`

     `=a^3+b^3 =VT (đpcm)`

b) 

b) Ta có

a) Ta có:

`VP= (a+b)^3-3ab(a+b)`

     `=a^3 + b^3+3ab ( a + b )- 3ab ( a + b )`

     `=a^3 + b^3=VT(dpcm)`

b) Ta có

Ta có:

\(a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3\)

\(=\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+\left(c+d\right)^3-3cd\left(c+d\right)\)

\(=-\left(c+d\right)^3+3ab\left(c+d\right)+\left(c+d\right)^3-3cd\left(c+d\right)\) (vì \(a+b=-\left(c+d\right)\))

\(=3\left(c+d\right)\left(ab-cd\right)\) 

Vậy đẳng thức được chứng minh.

...

lần sau nhé

3)

1.

Theo nguyên lý Dirichlet, trong 3 số a;b;c luôn có 2 số cùng phía so với \(\dfrac{2}{3}\), không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử đó là b và c

\(\Rightarrow\left(b-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\left(c-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\ge0\)

Mặt khác \(0\le a\le1\Rightarrow1-a\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(b-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\left(c-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\left(1-a\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-abc\ge\dfrac{4a}{9}+\dfrac{2b}{3}+\dfrac{2c}{3}-\dfrac{2ab}{3}-\dfrac{2ac}{3}-bc-\dfrac{4}{9}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-abc\ge-\dfrac{2a}{9}+\dfrac{2}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)-\dfrac{2ab}{3}-\dfrac{2ac}{3}-bc-\dfrac{4}{9}=-\dfrac{2a}{9}-\dfrac{2ab}{3}-\dfrac{2ac}{3}-bc+\dfrac{8}{9}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-2abc\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}-\dfrac{4ab}{3}-\dfrac{4ac}{3}-2bc+\dfrac{16}{9}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca-2abc\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}-\dfrac{ab}{3}-\dfrac{ac}{3}-bc+\dfrac{16}{9}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca-2abc\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}-\dfrac{a}{3}\left(b+c\right)-bc+\dfrac{16}{9}\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}-\dfrac{a}{3}\left(2-a\right)-\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{4}+\dfrac{16}{9}\)

\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca-2abc\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}+\dfrac{a^2}{3}-\dfrac{2a}{3}-\dfrac{\left(2-a\right)^2}{4}+\dfrac{16}{9}\)

\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca-2abc\ge\dfrac{a^2}{12}-\dfrac{a}{9}+\dfrac{7}{9}=\dfrac{1}{12}\left(a-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^2+\dfrac{20}{27}\ge\dfrac{20}{27}\)

\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge2abc+\dfrac{20}{27}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{2}{3}\)

2.

Đặt \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(x+1;y+1;z+1\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x;y;z\in\left[0;2\right]\\x+y+z=3\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ta có: \(P=\left(x+1\right)^3+\left(y+1\right)^3+\left(z+1\right)^3\)

\(P=x^3+y^3+z^3+3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+12\)

Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(x\ge y\ge z\Rightarrow x\ge1\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y^3+z^3=\left(y+z\right)^3-3yz\left(y+z\right)\le\left(y+z\right)^3\\y^2+z^2=\left(y+z\right)^2-2yz\le\left(y+z\right)^2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow P\le x^3+\left(3-x\right)^3+3x^2+3\left(3-x\right)^2+12\)

\(\Rightarrow P\le15x^2-45x+66=15\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)+36\le36\)

(Do \(1\le x\le2\Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)\le0\))

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(2;1;0\right)\) và các hoán vị hay \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(1;2;3\right)\) và các hoán vị

a+b+c=1; a>0; b>0; c>0

=>a>=b>=c>=0

=>a(a-c)>=b(b-c)>=0

=>a(a-b)(a-c)>=b(a-b)(b-c)

=>a(a-b)(a-c)+b(b-a)(b-c)>=0

mà (a-c)(b-c)*c>=0 và c(c-a)(c-b)>=0 

nên a(a-b)(a-c)+b(b-a)(b-c)+(a-c)(b-c)*c>=0

=>a^3+b^3+c^3+3acb>=a^2b+a^2c+b^2c+b^2a+c^2b+c^2a

=>a^3+b^3+c^3+6abc>=(a+b+c)(ab+bc+ac)

=>a^3+b^3+c^3+6abc>=(ab+bc+ac)

mà a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=(a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc)

nên 2(a^3+b^3+c^3)+3acb>=a^2+b^2+c^2>=ab+bc+ac(ĐPCM)

Bài 1: 

$a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc$

$\Leftrightarrow (a+b)^3-3ab(a+b)+c^3-3abc=0$

$\Leftrightarrow [(a+b)^3+c^3]-[3ab(a+b)+3abc]=0$

$\Leftrightarrow (a+b+c)[(a+b)^2-c(a+b)+c^2]-3ab(a+b+c)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (a+b+c)[(a+b)^2-c(a+b)+c^2-3ab]=0$

$\Leftrightarrow (a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac)=0$

$\Rightarrow a+b+c=0$ hoặc $a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac=0$

Xét TH $a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac=0$

$\Leftrightarrow 2(a^2+b^2+c^2)-2(ab+bc+ac)=0$

$\Leftrightarrow (a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-a)^2=0$
$\Rightarrow a-b=b-c=c-a=0$

$\Leftrightarrow a=b=c$

Vậy $a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc$ khi $a+b+c=0$ hoặc $a=b=c$

Áp dụng vào bài:

Nếu $a+b+c=0$

$A=\frac{-c}{c}+\frac{-b}{b}+\frac{-a}{a}=-1+(-1)+(-1)=-3$

Nếu $a=b=c$

$P=\frac{a+a}{a}+\frac{b+b}{b}+\frac{c+c}{c}=2+2+2=6$