cho A=\(\dfrac{3}{1^2.2^2}+\dfrac{5}{2^2.3^2}+........+\dfrac{2n-1}{\left(n-1\right)^2.n^2}\)
CMR:A<1
rút gọn phân thức:\(A=\dfrac{3}{\left(1.2\right)^2}+\dfrac{5}{\left(2.3\right)^2}+\dfrac{7}{\left(3.4\right)^2}+...+\dfrac{2n+1}{\left[n\left(n+1\right)\right]^2}\)
\(A=\dfrac{3}{\left(1\cdot2\right)^2}+\dfrac{5}{\left(2\cdot3\right)^2}+\dfrac{7}{\left(3\cdot4\right)^2}+...+\dfrac{2n+1}{\left[n\left(n+1\right)\right]^2}\)
\(A=\dfrac{3}{1\cdot4}+\dfrac{5}{4\cdot9}+\dfrac{7}{9\cdot16}+...+\dfrac{2n+1}{n^2\cdot\left(n^2+2n+1\right)}\)
\(A=1-\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{9}+\dfrac{1}{9}-\dfrac{1}{16}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}-\dfrac{1}{n^2+2n+1}\)
\(A=1-\dfrac{1}{n^2+2n+1}\)
\(A=\dfrac{n\left(n+2\right)}{\left(n+1\right)^2}\)
Tính:
a, \(\dfrac{3}{\left(1.2\right)^2}+\dfrac{5}{\left(2.3\right)^2}+...+\dfrac{2n+1}{n^2\left(n+1\right)^1}\) tại n= 2014
b, \(\dfrac{1}{2!}+\dfrac{2}{3!}+\dfrac{3}{4!}+...+\dfrac{12}{13!}\)
1, rút gọn
\(A=\dfrac{3}{\left(1.2\right)^2}+\dfrac{5}{\left(2.3\right)^2}+....+\dfrac{2n+1}{\left[n\left(n+1\right)\right]^2}\)
\(A=\dfrac{3}{\left(1.2\right)^2}+\dfrac{5}{\left(2.3\right)^2}+...+\dfrac{2n+1}{\left[n\left(n+1\right)\right]^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{3}{1.4}+\dfrac{5}{4.9}+...+\dfrac{2n+1}{n^2\left(n^2+2n+1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{1}-\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{9}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}-\dfrac{1}{n^2+2n+1}\)
\(=1-\dfrac{1}{n^2+2n+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{n^2+2n}{n^2+2n+1}=\dfrac{n\left(n+2\right)}{\left(n+1\right)^2}\)
Xét thừa số tổng quát:
\(\dfrac{k}{\left(\dfrac{k-1}{2}.\dfrac{k+1}{2}\right)^2}\)\(=\dfrac{k}{\left(\dfrac{\left(k-1\right)\left(k+1\right)}{4}\right)^2}=\dfrac{k}{\left(\dfrac{\left(k-1\right)\left(k+1\right)}{4}\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{k}{\dfrac{\left[\left(k-1\right)\left(k+1\right)\right]^2}{16}}=\dfrac{k}{\dfrac{\left(k^2-1\right)^2}{16}}=\dfrac{16k}{\left(k^2-1\right)^2}\)
Thay \(k=3;5;....2n+1\) ta được:
\(\dfrac{16.3}{\left(3^2-1\right)^2}+\dfrac{16.5}{\left(5^2-1\right)^2}+....+\dfrac{16.n}{\left(n^2-1\right)^2}\)
\(=16.\left(\dfrac{3}{\left(3^2-1\right)^2}+\dfrac{5}{\left(5^2-1\right)^2}+...+\dfrac{n}{\left(n^2-1\right)^2}\right)\)
\(=16.\left(\dfrac{3}{\left[\left(3-1\right)\left(3+1\right)\right]^2}+\dfrac{5}{\left[\left(5-1\right)\left(5+1\right)\right]^2}+...+\dfrac{n}{\left[\left(n-1\right)\left(n+1\right)\right]^2}\right)\)
\(=16.\left(\dfrac{3}{4.16}+\dfrac{5}{16.36}+...+\dfrac{n}{\left(n-1\right)^2.\left(n+1\right)^2}\right)\)
\(=4.\left(\dfrac{12}{4.16}+\dfrac{20}{16.36}+...+\dfrac{4n}{\left(n-1\right)^2.\left(n+1\right)^2}\right)\)
\(=4.\left(\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{16}+\dfrac{1}{16}-\dfrac{1}{36}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right)^2}-\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)^2}\right)\)
\(=4.\left(\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)^2}\right)\)
\(=4.\left(\dfrac{\left(n+1\right)^2}{4\left(n+1\right)^2}-\dfrac{4}{4\left(n+1\right)^2}\right)\)
\(=4.\left(\dfrac{\left(n+1\right)^2-4}{4\left(n+1\right)^2}\right)=\dfrac{4\left(n+1\right)^2-16}{4\left(n+1\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{4\left[\left(n+1\right)^2-4\right]}{4\left(n+1\right)^2}=\dfrac{\left(n+1\right)^2-4}{\left(n+1\right)^2}\)
Chúc bạn học tốt!!!
Tìm giới hạn các dãy số sau
a) \(lim\dfrac{2^n+6^n-4^{n-1}}{3^n+6^{n+1}}\)
b) \(lim\dfrac{1+3+5+...+\left(2n+1\right)}{3n^2+4}\)
c) \(lim\dfrac{1+2+3+...+n}{n^2-3}\)
d) \(lim\left[\dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+...+\dfrac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\right]\)
e) \(lim\left[\dfrac{1}{1.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.5}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(2n-1\right)\left(2n+1\right)}\right]\)
\(a=lim\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{2}{6}\right)^n+1-\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{4}{6}\right)^n}{\left(\dfrac{3}{6}\right)^n+6}=\dfrac{1}{6}\)
\(b=\lim\dfrac{\left(n+1\right)^2}{3n^2+4}=\lim\dfrac{n^2+2n+1}{3n^2+4}=\lim\dfrac{1+\dfrac{2}{n}+\dfrac{1}{n^2}}{3+\dfrac{4}{n^2}}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(c=\lim\dfrac{n\left(n+1\right)}{2\left(n^2-3\right)}=\lim\dfrac{n^2+n}{2n^2-6}=\lim\dfrac{1+\dfrac{1}{n}}{2-\dfrac{6}{n^2}}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(d=\lim\left[1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{n}-\dfrac{1}{n+1}\right]=\lim\left[1-\dfrac{1}{n+1}\right]=1\)
\(e=\lim\dfrac{1}{2}\left[1-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{5}+...+\dfrac{1}{2n-1}-\dfrac{1}{2n+1}\right]\)
\(=\lim\dfrac{1}{2}\left[1-\dfrac{1}{2n+1}\right]=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Tính \(S=\sqrt{1+\dfrac{8.1^2-1}{1^2.3^2}}+\sqrt{1+\dfrac{8.2^2-1}{3^2.5^2}}+...+\sqrt{1+\dfrac{8.n^2-1}{\left(2n-1\right)^2.\left(2n+1\right)^2}}\)
Với\(n\in N\)
Tính tổng
S = \(\dfrac{3}{\left(1.2\right)^2}+\dfrac{5}{\left(2.3\right)^2}+....+\dfrac{2n+1}{[n\left(n+1\right)]^2}\)
Lời giải:
Xét số hạng tổng quát:
\(\frac{2n+1}{[n(n+1)]^2}=\frac{1}{n(n+1)}.\frac{2n+1}{n(n+1)}=\frac{n+1-n}{n(n+1)}.\frac{n+(n+1)}{n(n+1)}\)
\(=\left(\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)\left(\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{n+1}\right)=\frac{1}{n^2}-\frac{1}{(n+1)^2}\)
Do đó:
\(S=\frac{3}{(1.2)^2}+\frac{5}{(2.3)^2}+....+\frac{2n+1}{[n(n+1)]^2}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^2}-\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}-\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{n^2}-\frac{1}{(n+1)^2}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{(n+1)^2}\)
tính giá trị của biểu thức : \(\dfrac{2.1+1}{\left(1^2+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{2.2+1}{\left(2^2+2\right)^2}+\dfrac{2.3+1}{\left(3^2+3\right)^2}+...+\dfrac{2.2015+1}{\left(4^2+4\right)^2}+\dfrac{2.2016+1}{\left(5^2+5\right)^2}\)
Chứng minh các mệnh đề sau:
\(a,1^2+2^2+...+n^2=\dfrac{n\left(n+1\right)\left(2n+1\right)}{6}\) \(\forall n\in N\) *
\(b,1.2+2.3+...+n\left(n+1\right)=\dfrac{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}{3}\) \(\forall n\in N\) *
1. lim\(\dfrac{\left(n+2\right)^{50}.\left(n-3\right)^{80}}{\left(2n-1\right)^{40}.\left(3n-2\right)^{45}}\)
2. lim\(\dfrac{4^n}{2.3^n+4^n}\)
3. lim\(\dfrac{3^n-2.5^n}{7+3.5^n}\)
4. lim\(\dfrac{4^n-5^n}{2^{2n}+3.5^{2n}}\)
5. lim\(\dfrac{\left(-3\right)^n+5^n}{2.\left(-4\right)^n+5^n}\)
\(lim\dfrac{\left(n+2\right)^{50}\left(n-3\right)^{80}}{\left(2n-1\right)^{40}\left(3n-2\right)^{45}}=lim\dfrac{\left(1+\dfrac{2}{n^{50}}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{3}{n^{35}}\right)\left(n-3\right)^{45}}{\left(2-\dfrac{1}{n^{50}}\right)\left(3-\dfrac{2}{n^{45}}\right)}=+\infty\)
\(lim\dfrac{4^n}{2.3^n+4^n}=lim\dfrac{1}{2.\left(\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^n+1}=\dfrac{1}{0+1}=1\)
\(lim\dfrac{3^n-2.5^n}{7+3.5^n}=lim\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{3}{5}\right)^n-2}{\dfrac{7}{5^n}+3}=\dfrac{0-2}{0+3}=\dfrac{-2}{3}\)
\(lim\dfrac{4^n-5^n}{2^{2n}+3.5^{2n}}=lim\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{4}{25}\right)^n-\left(\dfrac{1}{5}\right)^n}{\left(\dfrac{2}{5}\right)^{2n}+3}=\dfrac{0-0}{0+3}=0\)
\(lim\dfrac{\left(-3\right)^n+5^n}{2.\left(-4\right)^n+5^n}=lim\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{-3}{5}\right)^n+1}{2.\left(-\dfrac{4}{5}\right)^n+1}=\dfrac{0+1}{0+1}=1\)
1.
Nhớ rằng \(\lim _{x\to \infty}\frac{1}{x}=0\) và \(\lim _{x\to a}\frac{f(x)}{g(x)}=\frac{\lim_{x\to a}f(x)}{\lim_{x\to a}g(x)}\) với \(g(x)\neq 0; \lim_{x\to a}g(x)\neq 0\)
Do đó:
\(\lim_{n\to \infty}\frac{(n+2)^{50}.(n-3)^{80}}{(2n-1)^{40}.(3n-2)^{45}}=\lim_{n\to \infty}\frac{n^{130}(\frac{n+2}{n})^{50}.(\frac{n-3}{n})^{80}}{n^{85}(\frac{2n-1}{n})^{40}.(\frac{3n-2}{n})^{45}}\)
\(=\lim_{n\to \infty}\frac{n^{45}(1+\frac{2}{n})^{50}(1-\frac{3}{n})^{80}}{(2-\frac{1}{n})^{40}.(3-\frac{2}{n})^{45}}\)
\(=\frac{\lim_{n\to \infty}[n^{45}(1+\frac{2}{n})^{50}(1-\frac{3}{n})^{80}]}{\lim_{n\to \infty}[(2-\frac{1}{n})^{40}.(3-\frac{2}{n})^{45}]}\)
\(=\frac{\lim_{n\to \infty}n^{45}.1^{50}.1^{80}}{2^{40}.3^{45}}=\frac{\infty}{2^{40}.3^{45}}=\infty\)
2)
\(\lim_{n\to \infty}\frac{4^n}{2.3^n+4^n}=\lim_{n\to \infty}\frac{1}{\frac{2.3^n+4^n}{4^n}}=\lim_{n\to\infty}\frac{1}{2.(\frac{3}{4})^n+1}\)
\(=\frac{1}{\lim_{n\to \infty}[2.(\frac{3}{4})^n+1]}=\frac{1}{2.0+1}=1\)
3)
\(\lim_{n\to \infty}\frac{3^n-2.5^n}{7+3.5^n}=\lim_{n\to \infty}\frac{(\frac{3}{5})^n-2}{\frac{7}{5^n}+3}\)
\(=\frac{\lim_{n\to \infty}[(\frac{3}{5})^n-2]}{\lim_{n\to \infty}[\frac{7}{5^n}+3]}=\frac{0-2}{0+3}=\frac{-2}{3}\)