III. Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in the passage below.

 As, as well, but, by the time, however, more than, not just, or, regardless, of, such as, therefore, unless, when, whether, which

          Stress is one of the main reasons why heart disease now kills 80,000 a year (1) …………………… cancer (2) …………………… any other disease. Women will be shocked (3) …………………… they read this (4) they’re conditioned to think it’s mainly a male problem. It’s a growing danger (5) …………………… affects (6) …………………… high-flying female executives (7) …………………… housewives and secretaries (8) …………………… . Heredity (9) …………………… your parents or grandparents suffered from heart disease is an important factor. (10) …………………… , smoking, poor diet and not enough exercise hugely contribute (11) …………………… your sex. Women displayed different symptoms of heart disease and (12) …………………… may be wrongly diagnosed. Extra tests (13) …………………… electrocardiograms are rarely given (14) …………………… suspicious symptoms seem to warrant it (15) …………………… it may be too late.

I. Fill each of the blanks with ONE word to complete the following passage.

When you are travelling, (1)______-on business or for pleasure, you often need to stay in a hotel. The kind of hotel you choose probably is decided above all _______ (2) to how much money you want to spend. There are small hotels with very few services, where the prices are (4)______ or there are large hotels with all the very latest comforts, (4)________you could spend all the money you have in the bank for one very comfortable night. There are several different kinds of people who go to hotels. Some want to live, (5)______than just stay, in a hotel; the hotels which are designed to meet their needs are called residential hotels. However, most people who stay in hotels are either business people or tourists (5)______holiday.

In(7)______hotels, there are two kinds of rooms: (8) ____rooms, for the use of one person, and double rooms for the use of two people. In (9)_______, in large hotels, there are also suites, which include two or more rooms connected (10)______-perhaps a bedroom and a living room. These are for poeple who are very rich or very important.

USE IT! Work in pairs. Which of these school issues are the same now as in the past? Which will be different in the future? Use can, can't, could, couldn't or will / won't be able to.

1. choice of subjects

2. ways of learning

3. school uniforms

4. class size

5. rules

The issues we think are the same now as in the past are...

In the past, students couldn't choose unusual subjects. In the future, they will be able to make more unusual choices.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the question 33 to 42.

Artificial flowers are used for scientific as well as for decorative purposes. They are made from a variety of materials, such as wax and glass, so skillfully that they can scarcely be distinguished from natural flowers. In making such models, painstaking skill and artistry are called for, as well as thorough knowledge of plant structure. The collection of glass flowers in the Botanical Museum of Harvard University is the most famous in the North America and is widely known throughout the scientific world. In all, there are several thousand models in colored glass, the work of two artist-naturalist, Leopold Blaschka and his son Rudolph.

The intention was to have the collection represent at least one member of each flower family native to the United States. Although it was never completed, it contains more than seven hundred species representing 164 families of flowering plants, a group of fruits showing the effect of fungus diseases, and thousands of flowers parts and magnified details. Every detail of these is accurately reproduced in color and structure. The models are kept in locked cases as they are too valuable and fragile for classroom use.

In paragraph 2. The word it in bold refers to which of the following phrases?

A. each flower family 

B. the collection 

C. the intention 

D. one member

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words/phrases in the box.There are two extra words which you do not need to use
adoring     donate       elaborate     celebrity      confess     encourage     haunted    legendary      maintain
1.many young people dream of becoming a(n) _______one day
2. The old castle outside the village is believed to be_____.
3.Mary's __________husband bought her a daimond ring for their wedding anniversary.
4.I must ______that I never thought your idea could actually work.
5.Edwin Booth's performance in Hamlet is______.
6.They've decided to______ money to various charities.
7. My parents have always _____ me in whatever i wanted to do.
 

VII. Rewrite the following sentences, using present participle phrases.

1. Do you know the woman who is coming towards us?

2. The people who was waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet.

3. The rules that allow public access to wilderness areas need to be reconsidered.

4. The children who attend that school receive a good education.

5. The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making progress.

VIII. Rewrite the following sentences, using past participle phrases.

1. Be sure to follow the instructions that are given at the top of the page.

2. The conclusion which is presented in that book states that most of the cars which are produced by Chinese industry have some defect.

3. I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country.

4. The photographs which were published in the newspapers were extraordinary.

5. The experiment which was conducted at the University of Chicago was successful.

IX. Rewrite the following sentences, using infinitive phrases.

1. We had a river in which we could swim.

2. The child would be happier if he had someone that he could play with

3. I'd be more interested if I had a family that I had to cook for.

4. I haven't got anything that I could open a bottle of wine with.

5. He was the first man who left the burning building.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the answer to each of the question.

Robots are useful for exploring and working in space. In particular, many robots have been sent to explore Mars. Such robots have usually looked like a box with wheels. Though these robots are useful, by their very nature they are unreliable, extremely expensive, and they break easily. Also, they cannot do very many tasks. Because of these problems, scientists have been developing a new and unusual kind of robot. These new robots move like snakes, so they have been given the name "snakebots."

The way a snake is shaped lets it get into very small spaces, like cracks in rocks. It can also push its way below the ground or climb up different kinds of objects, like high rocks and trees. Such abilities account for the usefulness of a robot designed like a snake. A snakebot would be able to do these things, too, making it much more effective than regular robots with wheels, which easily get stuck or fall over. Since they can carry tools, snakebots would be able to work in space, as well. They could, for example, help repair the International Space Station.

But how can such a robot shape be made? A snakebot is built like a Chain made of about thirty parts, or modules. Each module is basically the same in that they all have a small computer and a wheel to aid movement. The large computer in the "head” of the snake makes all of the modules in a snakebot work together.

The modular design of the snakebot has many advantages. If one module fails, another can be added easily. Snakebot modules can also carry different kinds of tools, as well as cameras. Since each module is actually a robot in itself, one module can work apart from the rest if necessary. That is, all the modules can separate and move on their own, and then later, reconnect back into a larger robot. Researchers are also trying to develop snakebots made of a special kind of plastic that can change its shape using electricity, almost like animal muscles. Snakebots made with this plastic will be very strong and hard to break.

Overall, the snakebot design is much simpler than that of common robots. Thus, snakebots will be much less expensive to build. For example, a robot recently sent to Mars cost over a hundred million dollars, whereas snakebots can cost as little as a few hundred dollars. With their versatility and affordability, snakebots seem to be the wave of the future, at least as far as space robots are concerned.

According to paragraph 1, the following are disadvantages of the common robots which have been on Mars, EXCEPT _________.

A. uselessness      

B. high manufacturing cost

C. fragility  

D. difficulty in moving

KEY PHRASES Listen again. Which of the underlined phrases from the list below does each student use?

Speculating about photos

It looks like some kind of dance class.

They're in a park, or maybe in the countryside.

I think it's a fitness class of some kind.

There's a sort of climbing frame.

It's most likely in the evening.

Two men are doing pull-ups, or something like that.

She's the instructor, I would say.

I'd say that she's tired.