a. \(\int\dfrac{x^3}{x-2}dx=\int\left(x^2+2x+4+\dfrac{8}{x-2}\right)dx=\dfrac{1}{3}x^3+x^2+4x+8ln\left|x-2\right|+C\)

b. \(\int\dfrac{dx}{x\sqrt{x^2+1}}=\int\dfrac{xdx}{x^2\sqrt{x^2+1}}\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{x^2+1}=u\Rightarrow x^2=u^2-1\Rightarrow xdx=udu\)

\(I=\int\dfrac{udu}{\left(u^2-1\right)u}=\int\dfrac{du}{u^2-1}=\dfrac{1}{2}\int\left(\dfrac{1}{u-1}-\dfrac{1}{u+1}\right)du=\dfrac{1}{2}ln\left|\dfrac{u-1}{u+1}\right|+C\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{2}ln\left|\dfrac{\sqrt{x^2+1}-1}{\sqrt{x^2+1}+1}\right|+C\)

c. \(\int\left(\dfrac{5}{x}+\sqrt{x^3}\right)dx=\int\left(\dfrac{5}{x}+x^{\dfrac{3}{2}}\right)dx=5ln\left|x\right|+\dfrac{2}{5}\sqrt{x^5}+C\)

d. \(\int\dfrac{x\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x}}{x^2}dx=\int\left(x^{-\dfrac{1}{2}}+x^{-\dfrac{3}{2}}\right)dx=2\sqrt{x}-\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}+C\)

e. \(\int\dfrac{dx}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}=arcsin\left(x\right)+C\)

lm jup mk di m.n

1) Đặt \(t=1+\sqrt{x-1}\Leftrightarrow x=\left(t-1\right)^2+1\forall t\ge1\Rightarrow dx=d\left(t-1\right)^2=2dt\)

\(\Rightarrow I_1=\int\frac{\left(t-1\right)^2+1}{t}\cdot2dt=2\int\frac{t^2-2t+2}{t}dt=2\int\left(t-2+\frac{2}{t}\right)dt\\ =t^2-4t+4lnt+C\)

Thay x vào ta có...

2) \(I_2=\int\frac{2sinx\cdot cosx}{cos^3x-\left(1-cos^2x\right)-1}dx=\int\frac{-2cosx\cdot d\left(cosx\right)}{cos^3x+cos^2x-2}=\int\frac{-2t\cdot dt}{t^3+t-2}\)

\(I_2=\int\frac{-2t}{\left(t-1\right)\left(t^2+2t+2\right)}dt=-\frac{2}{5}\int\frac{dt}{t-1}+\frac{1}{5}\int\frac{2t+2}{t^2+2t+2}dt-\frac{6}{5}\int\frac{dt}{\left(t+1\right)^2+1}\)

Ta có:

\(\int\frac{2t+2}{t^2+2t+2}dt=\int\frac{d\left(t^2+2t+2\right)}{t^2+2t+2}=ln\left(t^2+2t+2\right)+C\)

\(\int\frac{dt}{\left(t+1\right)^2+1}=\int\frac{\frac{1}{cos^2m}}{tan^2m+1}dm=\int dm=m+C=arctan\left(t+1\right)+C\)

Thay x vào, ta có....

3)

\(\frac{1}{\left(1+\sqrt{x}\right)+\sqrt{x+1}}=\frac{\left(1+\sqrt{x}\right)-\sqrt{x+1}}{\left[\left(1+\sqrt{x}\right)-\sqrt{x+1}\right]\cdot\left[\left(1+\sqrt{x}\right)+\sqrt{x+1}\right]}\\ =\frac{\left(1+\sqrt{x}\right)-\sqrt{x+1}}{2\sqrt{x}}=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{\sqrt{x+1}}{2\sqrt{x}}\)

\(I_3=\int\left(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{\sqrt{x+1}}{2\sqrt{x}}\right)dx=\sqrt{x}+\frac{x}{2}+\int\sqrt{\frac{x+1}{x}}\cdot\frac{dx}{2}\)

Xét \(\int\sqrt{\frac{x+1}{x}}\cdot\frac{dx}{2}\)

Đặt \(x=tan^2t\Leftrightarrow dx=\frac{2tant}{cos^2t}\cdot dt\)

\(\Rightarrow\int\sqrt{\frac{x+1}{x}}\cdot\frac{dx}{2}=\int\sqrt{\frac{tan^2t+1}{tan^2t}}\cdot\frac{tant}{cos^2t}dt\\ =\int\frac{1}{sin^2t}\cdot\frac{sint}{cos^3t}dt=\int\frac{d\left(cost\right)}{cos^3t\left(1-cos^2t\right)}=...\)

Câu 2)

Đặt \(\left\{\begin{matrix} u=\ln ^2x\\ dv=x^2dx\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} du=2\frac{\ln x}{x}dx\\ v=\frac{x^3}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow I=\frac{x^3}{3}\ln ^2x-\frac{2}{3}\int x^2\ln xdx\)

Đặt \(\left\{\begin{matrix} k=\ln x\\ dt=x^2dx\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} dk=\frac{dx}{x}\\ t=\frac{x^3}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \int x^2\ln xdx=\frac{x^3\ln x}{3}-\int \frac{x^2}{3}dx=\frac{x^3\ln x}{3}-\frac{x^3}{9}+c\)

Do đó \(I=\frac{x^3\ln^2x}{3}-\frac{2}{9}x^3\ln x+\frac{2}{27}x^3+c\)

Câu 3:

\(I=\int\frac{2}{\cos 2x-7}dx=-\int\frac{2}{2\sin^2x+6}dx=-\int\frac{dx}{\sin^2x+3}\)

Đặt \(t=\tan\frac{x}{2}\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} \sin x=\frac{2t}{t^2+1}\\ dx=\frac{2dt}{t^2+1}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow I=-\int \frac{2dt}{(t^2+1)\left ( \frac{4t^2}{(t^2+1)^2}+3 \right )}=-\int\frac{2(t^2+1)dt}{3t^4+10t^2+3}=-\int \frac{2d\left ( t-\frac{1}{t} \right )}{3\left ( t-\frac{1}{t} \right )^2+16}=\int\frac{2dk}{3k^2+16}\)

Đặt \(k=\frac{4}{\sqrt{3}}\tan v\). Đến đây dễ dàng suy ra \(I=\frac{-1}{2\sqrt{3}}v+c\)

Câu 6)

\(I=-\int \frac{\left ( 1-\frac{1}{x^2} \right )dx}{x^2+2+\frac{1}{x^2}}=-\int \frac{d\left ( x+\frac{1}{x} \right )}{\left ( x+\frac{1}{x} \right )^2}=-\frac{1}{x+\frac{1}{x}}+c=-\frac{x}{x^2+1}+c\)

Câu 8)

\(I=\int \ln \left(\frac{x+1}{x-1}\right)dx=\int \ln (x+1)dx-\int \ln (x-1)dx\)

\(\Leftrightarrow I=\int \ln (x+1)d(x+1)-\int \ln (x-1)d(x-1)\)

Xét \(\int \ln tdt\) ta có:

Đặt \(\left\{\begin{matrix} u=\ln t\\ dv=dt\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} du=\frac{dt}{t}\\ v=t\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \int \ln tdt=t\ln t-\int dt=t\ln t-t+c\)

\(\Rightarrow I=(x+1)\ln (x+1)-(x+1)-(x-1)\ln (x-1)+x-1+c\)

\(\Leftrightarrow I=(x+1)\ln(x+1)-(x-1)\ln(x-1)+c\)

1) Đặt \(2+lnx=t\Leftrightarrow x=e^{t-2}\Rightarrow dx=e^{t-2}dt\)

\(I_1=\int\left(\frac{t-2}{t}\right)^2\cdot e^{t-2}\cdot dt=\int\left(1-\frac{4}{t}+\frac{4}{t^2}\right)e^{t-2}dt\\ =\int e^{t-2}dt-4\int\frac{e^{t-2}}{t}dt+4\int\frac{e^{t-2}}{t^2}dt\)

Có:

\(4\int\frac{e^{t-2}}{t^2}dt=-4\int e^{t-2}\cdot d\left(\frac{1}{t}\right)=-\frac{4\cdot e^{t-2}}{t}+4\int\frac{e^{t-2}}{t}dt\\ \Leftrightarrow4\int\frac{e^{t-2}}{t^2}dt-4\int\frac{e^{t-2}}{t^{ }}dt=-\frac{4\cdot e^{t-2}}{t}\)

Vậy \(I_1=\int e^{t-2}dt-\frac{4\cdot e^{t-2}}{t}=e^{t-2}-\frac{4e^{t-2}}{t}+C\)

3) Đặt \(t=\sqrt{1+\sqrt[3]{x^2}}\Rightarrow t^2-1=\sqrt[3]{x^2}\Leftrightarrow x^2=\left(t^2-1\right)^3\)

\(d\left(x^2\right)=d\left[\left(t^2-1\right)^3\right]\Leftrightarrow2x\cdot dx=6t\left(t^2-1\right)^2\cdot dt\)

\(I_3=\int\frac{3t\left(t^2-1\right)^2}{t}dt=3\int\left(t^4-2t^2+1\right)dt=...\)

5) Đặt \(\frac{2+x}{2-x}=4t^3\Leftrightarrow4t^3=\frac{4}{2-x}-1\)

\(d\left(4t^3\right)=d\left(\frac{4}{2-x}-1\right)\Leftrightarrow3t^2dt=\frac{1}{\left(2-x\right)^2}dx\)

\(I_5=\int\frac{3t^2}{t\sqrt[3]{4}}dt=\frac{3}{\sqrt[3]{4}}\int tdt=...\)

Không phải tất cả các câu đều dùng nguyên hàm từng phần được đâu nhé, 1 số câu phải dùng đổi biến, đặc biệt những câu liên quan đến căn thức thì đừng dại mà nguyên hàm từng phần (vì càng nguyên hàm từng phần biểu thức nó càng phình to ra chứ không thu gọn lại, vĩnh viễn không ra kết quả đâu)

a/ \(I=\int\frac{9x^2}{\sqrt{1-x^3}}dx\)

Đặt \(u=\sqrt{1-x^3}\Rightarrow u^2=1-x^3\Rightarrow2u.du=-3x^2dx\)

\(\Rightarrow9x^2dx=-6udu\)

\(\Rightarrow I=\int\frac{-6u.du}{u}=-6\int du=-6u+C=-6\sqrt{1-x^3}+C\)

b/ Đặt \(u=1+\sqrt{x}\Rightarrow du=\frac{dx}{2\sqrt{x}}\Rightarrow2du=\frac{dx}{\sqrt{x}}\)

\(\Rightarrow I=\int\frac{2du}{u^3}=2\int u^{-3}du=-u^{-2}+C=-\frac{1}{u^2}+C=-\frac{1}{\left(1+\sqrt{x}\right)^2}+C\)

c/ Đặt \(u=\sqrt{2x+3}\Rightarrow u^2=2x\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{u^2}{2}\\dx=u.du\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow I=\int\frac{u^2.u.du}{2u}=\frac{1}{2}\int u^2du=\frac{1}{6}u^3+C=\frac{1}{6}\sqrt{\left(2x+3\right)^3}+C\)

d/ Đặt \(u=\sqrt{1+e^x}\Rightarrow u^2-1=e^x\Rightarrow2u.du=e^xdx\)

\(\Rightarrow I=\int\frac{\left(u^2-1\right).2u.du}{u}=2\int\left(u^2-1\right)du=\frac{2}{3}u^3-2u+C\)

\(=\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{\left(1+e^x\right)^2}-2\sqrt{1+e^x}+C\)

e/ Đặt \(u=\sqrt[3]{1+lnx}\Rightarrow u^3=1+lnx\Rightarrow3u^2du=\frac{dx}{x}\)

\(\Rightarrow I=\int u.3u^2du=3\int u^3du=\frac{3}{4}u^4+C=\frac{3}{4}\sqrt[3]{\left(1+lnx\right)^4}+C\)

f/ \(I=\int cosx.sin^3xdx\)

Đặt \(u=sinx\Rightarrow du=cosxdx\)

\(\Rightarrow I=\int u^3du=\frac{1}{4}u^4+C=\frac{1}{4}sin^4x+C\)

Từ phần này trở đi mới bắt đầu xài nguyên hàm từng phần:

g/ \(I=\int\left(x^2+2x-1\right)e^xdx\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=x^2+2x-1\\dv=e^xdx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=\left(2x+2\right)dx\\v=e^x\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow I=\left(x^2+2x-1\right)e^x-\int\left(2x+2\right)e^xdx\)

Xét \(J=\int\left(2x+2\right)e^xdx\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=2x+2\\dv=e^xdx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=2dx\\v=e^x\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow J=\left(2x+2\right)e^x-\int2e^xdx=\left(2x+2\right)e^x-2e^x+C=2x.e^x+C\)

\(\Rightarrow I=\left(x^2+2x-1\right)e^x-2x.e^x+C=\left(x^2-1\right)e^x+C\)

a) Dùng phương pháp hữu tỉ hóa "Nếu \(f\left(x\right)=R\left(e^x\right)\Rightarrow t=e^x\)"  ta có \(e^x=t\Rightarrow x=\ln t,dx=\frac{dt}{t}\)

Khi đó \(I_1=\int\frac{t^3}{t+2}.\frac{dt}{t}=\int\frac{t^2}{t+2}dt=\int\left(t-2+\frac{4}{t+2}\right)dt\)

                \(=\frac{1}{2}t^2-2t+4\ln\left(t+2\right)+C=\frac{1}{2}e^{2x}-2e^x+4\ln\left(e^x+2\right)+C\)

b) Hàm dưới dấu nguyên hàm

\(f\left(x\right)=\frac{\sqrt{x}}{x+\sqrt[3]{x^2}}=R\left(x;x^{\frac{1}{2}},x^{\frac{2}{3}}\right)\)

q=BCNN(2;3)=6

Ta thực hiện phép hữu tỉ hóa theo :

"Nếu \(f\left(x\right)=R\left(x:\left(ã+b\right);\left(ax+b\right)^{r2},....\right),r_k=\frac{P_k}{q_k}\in Q,k=1,2,...,m\Rightarrow t=\left(ax+b\right)^{\frac{1}{q}}\),q=BCNN \(\left(q_1,q_2,...,q_m\right)\)"

=> \(t=x^{\frac{1}{6}}\Rightarrow x=t^{6,}dx=6t^5dt\)

Khi đó nguyên hàm đã cho trở thành :

\(I_2=\int\frac{t^3}{t^6-t^4}6t^{5dt}=\int\frac{6t^4}{t^2-1}dt=6\int\left(t^2+1+\frac{1}{t^2-1}\right)dt\)

     \(=6\int\left(t^2+1\right)dt+2\int\frac{dt}{\left(t-1\right)\left(t+1\right)}=2t^3+6t+3\int\frac{dt}{t-1}-3\int\frac{dt}{t+1}\)

     \(=2t^2+6t+3\ln\left|t-1\right|-3\ln\left|t+1\right|+C=2\sqrt{x}+6\sqrt[6]{x}+3\ln\left|\frac{\sqrt[6]{x-1}}{\sqrt[6]{x+1}}\right|+C\)

c) Hàm dưới dấu nguyên hàm có dạng :

\(f\left(x\right)=R\left(x;\left(\frac{x+1}{x-1}\right)^{\frac{2}{3}};\left(\frac{x+1}{x-1}\right)^{\frac{5}{6}}\right)\)

q=BCNN (3;6)=6

Ta thực hiện phép hữu tỉ hóa được

\(t=\left(\frac{x+1}{x-1}\right)^{\frac{1}{6}}\Rightarrow x=\frac{t^6+1}{t^6-1},dx=\frac{-12t^5}{\left(t^6-1\right)^2}dt\)

Khi đó hàm dưới dấu nguyên hàm trở thành

\(R\left(t\right)=\frac{1}{\left(\frac{t^6+1}{t^6-1}\right)^2-1}\left[t^4-t^5\right]=\frac{\left(t^6-1\right)^2}{4t^6}\left(t^4-t^5\right)\)

Do đó :

\(I_3=\int\frac{\left(t^6-1\right)^2}{4t^6}\left(t^4-t^5\right).\frac{-12t^5}{\left(t^6-1\right)}dt=3\int\left(t^4-t^3\right)dt\)

    \(=\frac{5}{3}t^5-\frac{3}{4}t^4+C=\frac{3}{5}\sqrt[6]{\left(\frac{x+1}{x-1}\right)^5}-\frac{3}{4}\sqrt[3]{\left(\frac{x+1}{x-1}\right)^2}+C\)

Câu 1:Gọi biểu thức là $A$. Đặt \(\sqrt{e^x-1}=t\)

\(\Rightarrow e^x=t^2+1\Rightarrow d(e^x)=d(t^2+1)=2tdt=e^xdx=(t^2+1)dx\)

\(\Rightarrow \int \frac{2t^2}{t^2+1}dt=\int \left (2-\frac{2}{t^2+1} \right)dt\)

Đặt \(t=\tan m\Rightarrow dt=\frac{dm}{\cos^2 m}\Rightarrow \int \frac{2dt}{t^2+1}=\int 2dm=2m\)

\(\Rightarrow A=2t-2m+c=2\sqrt{e^x-1}-2\tan ^{-1} (\sqrt{e^x-1})+c\)

Câu 2: Đặt \(x=\tan t\Rightarrow dx=\frac{dt}{\cos^2 t}, x^2+1=\frac{1}{\cos^2 t}\) với \(\frac{-\pi}{2} < t< \frac{\pi}{2}\)

Gọi biểu thức là $B$. Ta có

\(B=\int \frac{\cos t dt}{\sin ^4t}=\int \frac{d(\sin t)}{\sin^4 t}=\frac{-\sin ^{-3} t}{3}+c\) \(=-\frac{\sqrt{(x^2+1)^3}}{3x^3}+c\)