chứng minh rằng với số tự nhiên n,n lớn hơn 4 ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{1}+1\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{1}{4\sqrt{3}+3\sqrt{4}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}< 1\)
1) Chứng minh rằng: \(1+\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{n\sqrt{n}}< 2\sqrt{2}\left(n\in N\right)\)
2) Chứng minh rằng: \(\dfrac{2}{3}+\sqrt{n+1}< 1+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+...+\sqrt{n}< \dfrac{2}{3}\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}\)
3) \(2\sqrt{n}-3< \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}< 2\sqrt{n}-2\)
4) \(\dfrac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}}{2+1}+\dfrac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}{3+2}+...+\dfrac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{n+1+n}< \dfrac{1}{2}\left(1-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
Chứng minh rằng với mọi số nguyên dương n ta đều có \(\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{1}}+\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{4\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{1}{5\sqrt{4}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}< 2\)
Lời giải:
Xét số hạng tổng quát:
\(\frac{1}{(n+1)\sqrt{n}}=\frac{(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n})(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n})}{(n+1)\sqrt{n}}<\frac{(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}).2\sqrt{n+1}}{(n+1)\sqrt{n}}\)
Hay \(\frac{1}{(n+1)\sqrt{n}}< \frac{2\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n(n+1)}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)
Áp dụng vào bài toán:
\(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{4\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{(n+1)\sqrt{n}}< \frac{2}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{4}}+....+\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{n+1}}=2-\frac{2}{\sqrt{n+1}}< 2\)
Ta có đpcm.
Bài 1: CM với mọi số nguyên dương n thì \(\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{1}}+\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{4\sqrt{3}}+.....+\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}< 2\)
Bài 2: CM với mọi số tự nhiên n>=2 đều có \(\sqrt{n}< \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{4}}+.....+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}< 2\sqrt{n}\)
bai 1
(n+1)√n=√n^3+√n>2√(n^3.n)=2n^2>2(n^2-1)=2(n-1)(n+1)
1/[(n+1)√n]<1/[2(n-1)(n+1)]=1/4.[2/(n-1)(n+1)]
A=..
n =1 yes
n>1
A<1+1/4[2/1.3+2/3.5+..+2/(n-1)(n+1)
A<1+1/4[ 2-1/(n+1)]<1+1/2<2=>dpcm
trong bai :
cho a= \(\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{1}+1\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{1}{4\sqrt{3}+3\sqrt{4}}+....+\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}< 1\)
co phan huong dan : \(\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}.\sqrt{n+1}\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)}=\dfrac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n}.\sqrt{n+1}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)
cho minh hoi buoc : \(\dfrac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n}.\sqrt{n+1}}\) tu dau ra .( giai thich chi tiet)
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}.\sqrt{n+1}.\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}.\sqrt{n+1}}.\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}.\sqrt{n+1}}.\dfrac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{n+1-n}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}.\sqrt{n+1}}.\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)=\dfrac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n}.\sqrt{n+1}}\)
Lời giải:
Đặt \(P=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{4}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{P}{2}=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{4}}+...+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{n}}\)
\(< \frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+....+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}}(1)\)
Mà:
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+....+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}}=\frac{(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1})(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{1})}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2})(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2})}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{(\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3})(\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{3})}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+....+\frac{(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1})(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n-1})}{\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}}\)
\(=(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1})+(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2})+...+(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1})\)
\(=\sqrt{n}-1(2)\)
Từ \((1);(2)\Rightarrow \frac{P}{2}< \sqrt{n}-1\Rightarrow P< 2\sqrt{n}-2\)
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Tương tự:
\(\frac{P}{2}>\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{5}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{n}}=\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{2}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{n}}\)
\(\Rightarrow P> 2\sqrt{n}-2\sqrt{2}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\)
Mà \(2\sqrt{n}-2\sqrt{2}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}> 2\sqrt{n}-3\Rightarrow P>2\sqrt{n}-3\)
Ta có đpcm.
Chứng minh với mọi số nguyên dương n ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}+1}+\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt{3}+2\sqrt{2}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n+1}+n\sqrt{n}}< 1-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)
Lời giải:
Với 2 số $a,b$ dương, ta luôn có BĐT quen thuộc sau:
\(a^3+b^3\geq ab(a+b)\)
Cách chứng minh rất đơn giản, biến đổi tương đương ta có:
\(a^3+b^3-ab(a+b)\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2(a-b)-b^2(a-b)\geq 0\Leftrightarrow (a-b)^2(a+b)\geq 0\) (luôn đúng với mọi $a,b>0$)
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Áp dụng vào bài toán:
\((n+1)\sqrt{n+1}+n\sqrt{n}=(\sqrt{n})^3+(\sqrt{n+1})^3\geq \sqrt{n(n+1)}(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1})\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{(n+1)\sqrt{n+1}+n\sqrt{n}}< \frac{1}{\sqrt{n(n+1)}(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1})}=\frac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n(n+1)}(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n})(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n})}=\frac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n(n+1)}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)
Do đó:
\(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}+1}< 1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)
\(\frac{1}{3\sqrt{3}+2\sqrt{2}}< \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
......
\(\frac{1}{(n+1)\sqrt{n+1}+n\sqrt{n}}< \frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)
Cộng theo vế:
\(\Rightarrow \text{VT}< 1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)
Ta có đpcm.
Cho 4 số a,b,c,d bất kỳ chứng minh rằng : \(\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)^2+\left(b+d\right)^2}=< \sqrt{a^2+b^2}+\sqrt{c^2+d^2}\)
bài 2
Chứng minh rằng: \(1+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+....+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}>2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-1\right)\) Với n là số nguyên
1. Câu hỏi của Trần Huỳnh Thanh Long - Toán lớp 9 - Học toán với OnlineMath
CMR:
\(\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{1}+1\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{1}{4\sqrt{3}+3\sqrt{3}}+....+\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}\right)}< 1\)
1) Tính giá trị biểu thức C=\(\sqrt{1+\dfrac{1}{1^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}}+\sqrt{1+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}}+\sqrt{1+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}}+...+\sqrt{1+\dfrac{1}{99^2}+\dfrac{1}{100^2}}\) 2) Chứng minh rằng với mọi số nguyên dương n ta đêu có \(\sqrt{4+\sqrt{4+\sqrt{4+\sqrt{4+...+\sqrt{4}}}}}\) < 3 ( n căn bậc 4) Mọi người giúp em với ạ
2/ \(\sqrt{4+\sqrt{4+...+\sqrt{4}}}< \sqrt{6+\sqrt{6+\sqrt{6+...+\sqrt{7+\sqrt{4}}}}}=3\)
1/ Ta có:
\(\sqrt{1+\dfrac{1}{n^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)^2}}=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{n^2+n+1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\right)^2}=\dfrac{n\left(n+1\right)+1}{n\left(n+1\right)}=1+\dfrac{1}{n}-\dfrac{1}{n+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow C=99+\dfrac{1}{1}-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{99}-\dfrac{1}{100}=100-\dfrac{1}{100}=\dfrac{9999}{100}\)
Bài 1 : Điều đầu tiên ta chứng minh được công thức :
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)^2}}=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{a+b}\)
Ta có :
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)^2}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{a^4+2a^3b+a^2b^2+2ab^3+b^4}{a^2b^2\left(a+b\right)^2}}=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{a^2+ab+b^2}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\right)^2}=\dfrac{a^2+ab+b^2}{ab\left(a+b\right)}=\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a\left(a+b\right)}=\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{a+b}\)
\(\Rightarrow C=1+\dfrac{1}{1}-\dfrac{1}{2}+1+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+1+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+1+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{5}+........+1+\dfrac{1}{99}-\dfrac{1}{100}\)
\(=100-\dfrac{1}{100}=\dfrac{9999}{100}\)
Câu 1: \(\sqrt{1+\dfrac{1}{1^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^3}}+\sqrt{1+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^3}}+\sqrt{1+\dfrac{1}{3^3}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}}+....+\sqrt{1+\dfrac{1}{99^2}+\dfrac{1}{100^2}}\)
= \(\sqrt{1+\dfrac{1}{1^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(1+1\right)^2}}+\sqrt{1+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(1+2\right)^2}}+\sqrt{1+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(1+3\right)^2}}+...+\sqrt{1+\dfrac{1}{99^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(1+99\right)^2}}\)
= \(|1+\dfrac{1}{1}-\dfrac{1}{2}|+|1+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}|+|1+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}|+.....+|1+\dfrac{1}{99}-\dfrac{1}{100}|\)
= \(1+1-\dfrac{1}{2}+1+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+1+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+1+\dfrac{1}{99}-\dfrac{1}{100}\)
= 2019-\(\dfrac{1}{100}\)