Ta có : Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy ba số ở mẫu ta được

\(\dfrac{x}{\sqrt[3]{yz}}+\dfrac{y}{\sqrt[3]{xz}}+\dfrac{z}{\sqrt[3]{xy}}\ge\dfrac{x}{\dfrac{y+z+1}{3}}+\dfrac{y}{\dfrac{x+z+1}{3}}+\dfrac{z}{\dfrac{x+y+1}{3}}=\dfrac{3x}{y+z+1}+\dfrac{3y}{x+z+1}+\dfrac{3z}{x+y+1}\)Thấy: \(xy+yz+xz\le\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}\left(?!\right)\)

Ta phải chứng minh:

\(\dfrac{3x}{y+z+1}+\dfrac{3y}{x+z+1}+\dfrac{3z}{x+y+1}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}\)

\(\dfrac{x}{y+z+1}+\dfrac{y}{x+z+1}+\dfrac{z}{x+y+1}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{9}\)

Mà \(\dfrac{x}{y+z+1}+\dfrac{y}{x+z+1}+\dfrac{z}{x+y+1}=\dfrac{x^2}{xy+xz+x}+\dfrac{y^2}{xy+yz+y}+\dfrac{z^2}{xz+yz+z}\)

Theo C.B.S

\(\dfrac{x^2}{xy+xz+x}+\dfrac{y^2}{xy+yz+y}+\dfrac{z^2}{xz+yz+z}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)+x+y+z}\)

Phải chứng minh

\(\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)+x+y+z}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{9}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)+x+y+z}\ge\dfrac{1}{9}\)

Ta có : \(xy+yz+xz\le x^2+y^2+z^2=3\)

Theo C.B.S : \(x+y+z\le\sqrt{3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}=3\)

\(\Rightarrow2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)+x+y+z\le9\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)+x+y+z}\ge\dfrac{1}{9}\)

=> ĐPCM

a) Giả sử \(x^2-xy+y^2\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)\ge\frac{1}{3}.3\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)\ge x^2+xy+y^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2-3xy+3y^2-x^2-xy-y^2\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-4xy+2y^2\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng với mọi \(x,y\in R\)).

Dấu bằng xảy ra\(\Leftrightarrow x=y\).

Vậy \(x^2-xy+y^2\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\)với \(x,y\in R\).

Đặt \(A=\frac{x\sqrt{x}}{x+\sqrt{xy}+y}+\frac{y\sqrt{y}}{y+\sqrt{yz}+z}+\frac{z\sqrt{z}}{z+\sqrt{zx}+x}\left(x,y,z>0\right)\)

Và đặt \(B=\frac{y\sqrt{y}}{x+\sqrt{xy}+y}+\frac{z\sqrt{z}}{y+\sqrt{yz}+z}+\frac{x\sqrt{x}}{z+\sqrt{zx}+x}\left(x,y,z>0\right)\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{x}=m,\sqrt{y}=n,\sqrt{z}=p\left(m,n,p>0\right)\)thì theo đề bài : \(m+n+p=2\)

Lúc đó:

\(A=\frac{m^2.m}{m^2+mn+n^2}+\frac{n^2.n}{n^2+np+p^2}+\frac{p^2.p}{p^2+pm+m^2}\)

\(A=\frac{m^3}{m^2+mn+n^2}+\frac{n^3}{n^2+np+p^2}+\frac{p^3}{p^2+pm+m^2}\)

Và \(B=\frac{n^3}{m^2+mn+n^2}+\frac{p^3}{n^2+np+p^2}+\frac{m^3}{p^2+pm+m^2}\)

Xét hiệu \(A-B=\frac{m^3-n^3}{m^2+mn+n^2}+\frac{n^3-p^3}{n^2+np+p^2}+\frac{p^3-m^3}{p^2+pm+m^2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow A-B=\frac{\left(m-n\right)\left(m^2+mn+n^2\right)}{m^2+mn+n^2}+\frac{\left(n-p\right)\left(n^2+np+p^2\right)}{n^2+np+p^2}\)\(+\frac{\left(p-m\right)\left(p^2+pm+m^2\right)}{p^2+pm+m^2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow A-B=\left(m-n\right)+\left(n-p\right)+\left(p-m\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow A-B=m-n+n-p+p-m=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow A=B\)

Xét \(A+B=\frac{m^3+n^3}{m^2+mn+n^2}+\frac{n^3+p^3}{n^2+np+p^2}+\frac{p^3+m^3}{p^2+pm+m^2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow A+A=2A=\frac{\left(m+n\right)\left(m^2-mn+n^2\right)}{m^2+m+n^2}+\frac{\left(n+p\right)\left(n^2-np+p^2\right)}{n^2+np+p^2}\)\(\frac{\left(p+m\right)\left(p^2-pm+m^2\right)}{p^2+pm+m^2}\)

Theo câu a), ta có \(x^2-xy+y^2\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\)với \(x,y\in R\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2-xy+y^2}{x^2+xy+y^2}\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(1\right)\)

Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức (1) (với \(m,n>0\)), ta được:

\(\frac{m^2-mn+n^2}{m^2+mn+n^2}\ge\frac{1}{3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(m+n\right)\left(m^2-mn+n^2\right)}{m^2+mn+n^2}\ge\frac{m+n}{3}\left(2\right)\)

Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow m=n>0\)

Chứng minh tương tự, ta được:

\(\frac{\left(n+p\right)\left(n^2-np+p^2\right)}{n^2+np+p^2}\ge\frac{n+p}{3}\left(3\right)\)

Dấu bằng xảy ra\(\Leftrightarrow n=p>0\)

\(\frac{\left(p+m\right)\left(p^2-pm+m^2\right)}{p^2+pm+m^2}\ge\frac{p+m}{2}\left(4\right)\)

Dấu bằng xảy ra\(\Leftrightarrow p=m>0\)

Từ \(\left(2\right),\left(3\right),\left(4\right)\), ta được:

\(\frac{\left(m+n\right)\left(m^2-mn+n^2\right)}{m^2+mn+n^2}+\frac{\left(n+p\right)\left(n^2-np+p^2\right)}{n^2+np+p^2}\)\(+\frac{\left(p+m\right)\left(p^2-pm+m^2\right)}{p^2-pm+m^2}\ge\frac{m+n}{3}+\frac{n+p}{3}+\frac{p+m}{3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2A\ge\frac{m+n+n+p+p+m}{3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2A\ge\frac{2\left(m+n+p\right)}{3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow A\ge\frac{m+n+p}{3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow A\ge\frac{2}{3}\)(vì \(m+n+p=2\)) (điều phải chứng minh).

Dấu bằng xảy ra.

\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}m=n=p>0\\m+n+p=2\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow m=n=p=\frac{2}{3}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}=\sqrt{y}=\sqrt{z}=\frac{2}{3}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{4}{9}\)

Vậy nếu \(x,y,z>0\) và \(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}=2\)thì: \(\frac{x\sqrt{x}}{x+\sqrt{xy}+y}+\frac{y\sqrt{y}}{y+\sqrt{yz}+z}+\frac{z\sqrt{z}}{z+\sqrt{zx}+x}\ge\frac{2}{3}\).

Đặt \(A=\sqrt{x+yz}+\sqrt{y+zx}+\sqrt{z+xy}\)

Ta có:

\(x^2+xy+yz+zx=x+xyz=x\left(x+yz\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{x\left(x+yz\right)}{x}=\frac{x^2+xy+yz+zx}{x}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x+yz=\frac{x^2+xy+yz+zx}{x}=\frac{\left(x^2+xy\right)+\left(yz+zx\right)}{x}=\frac{\left(x+z\right)\left(x+y\right)}{x}\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x+yz}=\sqrt{\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}{x}}\)

Vì x, y, z >0 nên áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bunhiacopxki cho 2 số dương, ta được:

\(\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)\ge\left(\sqrt{x^2}.+\sqrt{yz}\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}\ge x+\sqrt{yz}\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}{x}}\ge\frac{x+\sqrt{yz}}{\sqrt{x}}\)

Do đó \(\sqrt{x+yz}\ge\frac{x+\sqrt{yz}}{\sqrt{x}}\left(1\right)\)

Chứng minh tương tự, ta được:

\(\sqrt{y+xz}\ge\frac{y+\sqrt{xz}}{\sqrt{y}}\left(2\right)\)

Chứng minh tương tự, ta được:

\(\sqrt{z+xy}\ge\frac{z+\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{z}}\left(3\right)\)

Từ (1), (2) và (3), ta được:

\(\sqrt{x+yz}+\sqrt{y+zx}+\sqrt{z+xy}\)\(\ge\frac{x+\sqrt{yz}}{\sqrt{x}}+\frac{y+\sqrt{zx}}{\sqrt{y}}+\frac{z+\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{z}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow A\ge\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{\frac{yz}{x}}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{\frac{xz}{y}}+\sqrt{z}+\sqrt{\frac{xy}{z}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow A\ge\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}+\frac{yz+zx+xy}{\sqrt{xyz}}\)

 \(\Leftrightarrow A\ge\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}+\frac{xyz}{\sqrt{xyz}}\)(vì \(xy+yz+zx=xyz\))

\(\Leftrightarrow A\ge\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}+\sqrt{xyz}\)(điều phải chứng minh).

Dấu bằng xảy ra.

\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=y=z>0\\xy+yz+zx=xyz\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=3\)

Vậy với x, y, z là các số thực dương thỏa mãn xy + yz + zx =xyz thì:

\(\sqrt{x+yz}+\sqrt{y+zx}+\sqrt{z+xy}\ge\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}+\sqrt{xyz}\).

\(\)

Lời giải:
Đặt \((\frac{1}{x}; \frac{1}{y}; \frac{1}{z})=(a,b,c)\). Bài toán trở thành:

Cho $a,b,c>0$ thỏa mãn $a+b+c=1$. CMR:

\(\frac{\sqrt{a+bc}+\sqrt{b+ac}+\sqrt{c+ab}}{\sqrt{abc}}\geq \sqrt{\frac{1}{abc}}+\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}+\sqrt{\frac{1}{b}}+\sqrt{\frac{1}{c}}(*)\)

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Do $a+b+c=1$ nên ta có:

\(\sqrt{a+bc}+\sqrt{b+ac}+\sqrt{c+ab}=\sqrt{a(a+b+c)+bc}+\sqrt{b(a+b+c)}+\sqrt{c(a+b+c)+ab}\)

\(=\sqrt{(a+b)(a+c)}+\sqrt{(b+a)(b+c)}+\sqrt{(c+a)(c+b)}\)

Mà áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:

\(\sqrt{(a+b)(a+c)}+\sqrt{(b+c)(b+a)}+\sqrt{(c+a)(c+b)}\geq \sqrt{(a+\sqrt{bc})^2}+\sqrt{(b+\sqrt{ac})^2}+\sqrt{(c+\sqrt{ab})^2}\)

\(=a+\sqrt{bc}+b+\sqrt{ac}+c+\sqrt{ab}=a+b+c+\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}\)

\(1+\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}\)

Vậy:\(\sqrt{a+bc}+\sqrt{b+ac}+\sqrt{c+ab}\geq 1+\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}\)

\(\Rightarrow \frac{\sqrt{a+bc}+\sqrt{b+ac}+\sqrt{c+ab}}{\sqrt{abc}}\geq \sqrt{\frac{1}{abc}}+\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}+\sqrt{\frac{1}{b}}+\sqrt{\frac{1}{c}}\)

$(*)$ được cm. BĐT hoàn thành. Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}$ hay $x=y=z=3$

@Akai Haruma

Lời giải:

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:

$\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x}+x^2\geq 3\sqrt[3]{x^3}=3x$

$\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{y}+y^2\geq 3y$

$\sqrt{z}+\sqrt{z}+z^2\geq 3z$

Cộng theo vế:

$2(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z})+x^2+y^2+z^2\geq 3(x+y+z)=(x+y+z)^2$

$\Leftrightarrow 2(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z})\geq 2(xy+yz+xz)$

$\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\geq xy+yz+xz$

Ta có đpcm.

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $x=y=z=1$

\(VT=\frac{x}{\sqrt[3]{yz}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt[3]{xz}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt[3]{xy}}\)

\(\ge\frac{3x}{y+z+1}+\frac{3y}{x+z+1}+\frac{3z}{x+y+1}\)

\(=\frac{3x^2}{xy+xz+x}+\frac{3y^2}{xy+yz+y}+\frac{3z^2}{xz+yz+z}\)

\(\ge\frac{3\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)+x+y+z}\)

\(\ge\frac{3\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)+x^2+y^2+z^2}\)

\(\ge\frac{3\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}=3=x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+xz=VP\)

Dấu "=" <=> x=y=z=1

\(VT=\sum\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(x^2+y^2\right)}\)

\(VT\ge\sum\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}\left(x+y\right)^2+\frac{1}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2}=\sqrt{\frac{3}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2}\)

\(VT\ge\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(x+y\right)+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(y+z\right)+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(z+x\right)=\sqrt{3}\left(x+y+z\right)\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\)

Lời giải:

Ta thấy:

\(x^2+xy+y^2=\frac{3}{4}(x^2+2xy+y^2)+\frac{1}{4}(x^2-2xy+y^2)=\frac{3}{4}(x+y)^2+\frac{1}{4}(x-y)^2\)

\(\geq \frac{3}{4}(x+y)^2\) với mọi $x,y>0$
\(\Rightarrow \sqrt{x^2+xy+y^2}\geq \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}(x+y)\)

Hoàn toàn tương tự:

\(\sqrt{y^2+yz+z^2}\geq \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}(y+z); \sqrt{z^2+zx+x^2}\geq \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}(x+z)\)

Cộng theo vế các BĐT trên và rút gọn:

\(\Rightarrow \sqrt{x^2+xy+y^2}+\sqrt{y^2+yz+z^2}+\sqrt{z^2+xz+x^2}\geq \sqrt{3}(x+y+z)\)

Ta có đpcm.

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $x=y=z$