Read the Learn this! box. Find all the examples of the past perfect simple and past perfect continuous in the text and match them with rules (a-d). (Đọc phần Learn this! Tìm tất cả các ví dụ về quá khứ hoàn thành và quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn trong văn bản và nối với các quy tắc (a-d).)

LEARN THIS! Past perfect simple and continuous

a We use the past perfect simple for completed actions that happened before a specific time in the past.

By the age of six, she’d appeared on television twice.

b We use the past perfect continuous for longer actions or situations that happened before a specific time in the past.

They were tired because they’d been rehearsing hard.

c With state verbs, we use the past perfect simple with for and since to say how long an action had been in progress.

He’d been an actor since childhood.

d With action verbs, we use the past perfect continuous with for and since to say how long an action had been in progress.

She’d been writing for years before she became famous.