Chọn đáp án đúng:Study of the origins and distribution of human populations used to be based on archaeological and fossi...

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nanako

10 tháng 6 2021 lúc 13:17

Chọn đáp án đúng:

Study of the origins and distribution of human populations used to be based on archaeological and fossil evidence. A number of techniques developed since the 1950s, however, have placed the study of these subjects on a sounder and more objective footing. The best information on early population movements is
now being obtained from the “archaeology of the living body”, the clues to be found in genetic material.
Recent work on the problem of when people first entered the Americas is an example of the value of these new techniques. North-east Asia and Siberia have long been accepted as the launching ground for the first human colonisers of the New World. But was there one major wave of migration across the Bering
Strait into the Americas, or several? And when did this event, or events, take place? In recent years, new clues have come from research into genetics, including the distribution of genetic markers in modern Native Americans.
An important project, led by the biological anthropologist Robert Williams, focused on the variants (called GM allotypes) of one particular protein – immunoglobin G – found in the fluid portion of human blood. All proteins “drift”, or produce variants, over the generations, and members of an interbreeding
human population will share a set of such variants. Thus, by comparing the GM allotypes of two different populations (e.g. two Indian tribes), one can establish their genetic “distance”, which itself can be calibrated to give an indication of the length of time since these populations last interbred.
Williams and his colleagues sampled the blood of over 5,000 American Indians in western North America during a twenty-year period. They found that their GM allotypes could be divided into two groups, one of which also corresponded to the genetic typing of Central and South American Indians. Other tests showed that the Eskimo and Aleut formed a third group. From this evidence it was deduced that there had been three major waves of migration across the Bering Strait. The first, Paleo Indian, was more than 15,000 years ago was ancestral to all Central and South American Indians. The second wave, about 14,000-12,000 years ago, brought Na-Dene hunters, ancestors of the Navajo and Apache who migrated south from Canada about 600 to 7000 years ago. The third wave, perhaps 10,000 or 9,000 years ago, saw the migration from
North-east Asia of groups ancestral to the modern Eskimo and Aleut.

Question 21: Which of the following best serves as the title of the passage?
A. When the migration in America happened.
B. The relationship between population movements and genetics.
C. Distribution of human population in America.
D. The evidences of genetics in America.
Question 22: Where did scientists find out the information on early population movements?
A. From human distribution
B. From archeological documents of living creatures.
C. From fossil evidence
D. From genetic material of the living body
Question 23: According to Robert Williams, Gm allotypes of immunoglobin G in human blood show one person belongs to an interbreeding human population_______?
A. Because of a similar set of variants.
B. Because the protein, immunoglobin G, produces variants.
C. When a population establishes genetic distance.
D. When the populations interbred.
Question 24: The word “indication” paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to_________?
A. discussion B. statement C. suggestion D. idea
Question 25: When did Robert William start to do research on blood samples of American Indians?
A. 9,000 years ago B. 600 years ago C. 5,000 years ago D. 20 years ago
Question 26: Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 4?
A. Williams had another research in Arizona.
B. Williams found out major waves of immigration.
C. Williams showed the milestones of each wave.
D. Williams studied the ancestors of Eskimo and Aleut.
Question 27: The word “their” paragraph 4 refers to________?
A. William and his colleagues B. American Indians
C. Blood samples D. Two populations

Lớp 11 Tiếng anh Luyện tập tổng hợp

Đỗ Thanh Hải CTVVIP

10 tháng 6 2021 lúc 13:41

Question 21: Which of the following best serves as the title of the passage?
A. When the migration in America happened.
B. The relationship between population movements and genetics.
C. Distribution of human population in America.
D. The evidences of genetics in America.
Question 22: Where did scientists find out the information on early population movements?
A. From human distribution
B. From archeological documents of living creatures.
C. From fossil evidence
D. From genetic material of the living body
Question 23: According to Robert Williams, Gm allotypes of immunoglobin G in human blood show one person belongs to an interbreeding human population_______?
A. Because of a similar set of variants.
B. Because the protein, immunoglobin G, produces variants.
C. When a population establishes genetic distance.
D. When the populations interbred.
Question 24: The word “indication” paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to_________?
A. discussion B. statement C. suggestion D. idea
Question 25: When did Robert William start to do research on blood samples of American Indians?
A. 9,000 years ago B. 600 years ago C. 5,000 years ago D. 20 years ago
Question 26: Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 4?
A. Williams had another research in Arizona.
B. Williams found out major waves of immigration.
C. Williams showed the milestones of each wave.
D. Williams studied the ancestors of Eskimo and Aleut.
Question 27: The word “their” paragraph 4 refers to________?
A. William and his colleagues B. American Indians
C. Blood samples D. Two populations

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Minh Nguyễn Đức

16 tháng 1 2019 lúc 19:47

Write the correct form of each bracketed word in the numbered space provided in the collumn on the right. (0) has been done as an example. The origins of Halloween Halloween is celebrated in many parts of the (0)________ (WEST) world, and is a time when people dress up as witches or ghosts, and go trick-or treating. It is (1) _________ (DOUBT) one of the most popular traditions in the United States and Britain. The celebration (2) _________(ORIGIN) about two thousand years ago with the Celts....

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Write the correct form of each bracketed word in the numbered space provided in the collumn on the right. (0) has been done as an example.

The origins of Halloween

Halloween is celebrated in many parts of the (0)________ (WEST) world, and is a time when people dress up as witches or ghosts, and go "trick-or treating". It is (1) _________ (DOUBT) one of the most popular traditions in the United States and Britain.

The celebration (2) _________(ORIGIN) about two thousand years ago with the Celts. These people were the (3) ________ (INHABIT) of an area that includes Britain, Ireland and Brittany. They relied on the land for their (4) _______ (LIVE), and this meant that they were at the mercy of (5) ________ (PREDICT) weather conditions, especially during the winter.

The Celtic new year began on 1st November, which also marked the beginning of winter, a period (6) _________ (TRADITION) associated with death. On the eve of the new year, it was believed that the barriers between the worlds of the living and the dead were (7) ________ (TEMPORARY) withdrawn, and it was possible to communicate with spirits. The Celts believed that the spirits offered them (8) ________ (GUIDE) and protection, and the Druids (Celtic priests) were (9) _________ (REPUTE) able to predict the future on this point.

When the Roman completed their (10) ________ (CONQUER) of Celtic lands, they added their own flavour to this festival. The advent of Christianity brought about yet other changes.

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Lớp 11 Tiếng anh Luyện tập tổng hợp

Minh Nguyễn Đức

5 tháng 1 2019 lúc 10:58

Read the following article about ice-skating. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-I for each part (1-8) of the article. A. Prepare yourself B. The benefits of the sport C. When things go wrong D. Different skating techniques E. A change in approach F. The right attitude G. Moving off H. Holding your body correctly I. How it all started 1...... Ice skating has a history of thousands of years. Archaelogists have discovered skates made from animal bone. It seems that bone ska...

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Read the following article about ice-skating. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-I for each part (1-8) of the article.

A. Prepare yourself

B. The benefits of the sport

C. When things go wrong

D. Different skating techniques

E. A change in approach

F. The right attitude

G. Moving off

H. Holding your body correctly

I. How it all started

1......
Ice skating has a history of thousands of years. Archaelogists have discovered skates made from animal bone. It seems that bone skates were used until the introduction of iron into Scandinavia about the year 200 AD. Among the Scandinavian upper classes, skating was seen as an essential skill.
2.......

In the early 20th century, skating was stylish and reserved, but at the 1924 Winter Olympics, 11-year-old Sonja Henie introduced a more athletic attitude which inspired a new wave of popularity. Nowadays art and athletics are combined and modern skating is both graceful and physically demanding.
3......
For the beginner, balance and control are still important and speed can only increase with proficiency. The position of your body plays a great part in the balance. Legs slightly bowed and the knees bent keep the body weight centred; in effect the body leans slightly forward in this position. For skating, probably more than any other sport or recreation, relaxation is vital.
4......
For the starting position, the heels shoould almost be touching and the feet should be turned outwards. While pushing forward with the back foot, you make a very small movement with the other foot. Fairly easy, isn't it? If you can keep this up for a while, you can then slowly increase the length of your movements as you gain experience.
5......
Knowing how to fall must be learned among the skater's first skills. Even the best of the professionals fall. In order to fall without injury, you should be as relaxed as possible. In this way the shock of hitting the ice is lessened. To get up, use your hands to get into a kneeling position, then stand.
6......
Once you have learned to move on the ice with confidence, there are various styles to be practised - figure skaing, free style, distance, speed, skating in pairs and so on - but the basis of them all, and by far the best approach, is first to learn figure skating and then elementary freestyle. With proper guidance available at most of the ice rinks troughout the country, the basic figures can soon be learned and the turns, jumps and spins of elementary free style will soon follow.
7......
If you look at any good or professional skater, you will see how relaxed they are and how easily they move. To achieve this an expertise programme should be regularly practised. It can be dangerous to skate with a stiff body and warm-up exercises should at least include those for the legs, back and shoulders, with special emphasis on the ankles and knees. After a long or intense session, the same exercises should be used afterwards to avoid stiffness.
8......
Skating improves balance, co-ordination, relaxation and movement. It improves heart and lung activity and generally strengthens the body. Combined with swimming or jogging, it provides a great programme for all-round health and fitness.

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Lớp 11 Tiếng anh Luyện tập tổng hợp

肖战

30 tháng 7 2019 lúc 14:05

The Penny Black It might not have looked very impressive, but the Penny Black, now 170 years old, was the first stamp to be created and it launched the modem postal system in Britain. Before 1840 and the arrival of the Penny Black, you had to be rich and patient to use the Royal Mail. Delivery was charged according to the miles travelled and the number of sheets of paper used; a 2-page letter sent from Edinburgh to London, for example, would have cost 2 shillings, or more than £7 in today’s mo...

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The Penny Black

It might not have looked very impressive, but the Penny Black, now 170 years old, was the first stamp to be created and it launched the modem postal system in Britain.

Before 1840 and the arrival of the Penny Black, you had to be rich and patient to use the Royal Mail. Delivery was charged according to the miles travelled and the number of sheets of paper used; a 2-page letter sent from Edinburgh to London, for example, would have cost 2 shillings, or more than £7 in today’s money. And when the top-hatted letter carrier came to deliver it, it was the recipient who had to pay for the postage. Letter writers employed various ruses to reduce the cost, doing everything possible to cram more words onto a page. Nobody bothered with heavy envelopes; instead, letters would be folded and sealed with wax. You then had to find a post office - there were no pillar boxes - and hope your addressee didn't live in one of the several rural areas which were not served by the system. If you were lucky, your letter would arrive (it could take days) without being read or censored.

The state of mail had been causing concern throughout the 1830s, but it was Rowland Hill, an inventor, teacher and social reformer from Kidderminster, who proposed a workable plan for change. Worried that a dysfunctional, costly service would stifle communication just as Britain was in the swing of its second industrial revolution, he believed reform would ease the distribution of ideas and stimulate trade and business, delivering the same promise as the new railways.

Hill’s proposal for the penny post, which meant any letter weighing less than half an ounce (14 grams) could be sent anywhere in Britain for about 30p in today’s money, was so radical that the Postmaster General, Lord Lichfield, said, 'Of all the wild and visionary schemes which I ever heard of, it is the most extravagant.’ Lord Lichfield spoke for an establishment not convinced of the need for poor people to post anything. But merchants and reformers backed Hill. Soon the government told him to make his scheme work. And that meant inventing a new type of currency.

Hill quickly settled on 'a bit of paper covered at the back with a glutinous wash which the user might, by applying a little moisture, attach to the back of a letter’. Stamps would be printed in sheets of 240 that could be cut using scissors or a knife. Perforations would not arrive until 1854. The idea stuck, and in August 1839 the Treasury launched a design competition open to ‘all artists, men of science and the public in general’. The new stamp would need to be resistant to forgery, and so it was a submission by one Mr Cheverton that Hill used as the basis for one of the most striking designs in history. Cheverton, who worked as a sculptor and an engineer, determined that a portrait of Queen Victoria, engraved for a commemorative coin when she was a 15-year-old princess, was detailed enough to make copying difficult, and recognisable enough to make fakes easy to spot. The words ‘Postage’ and ‘One Penny’ were added alongside flourishes and ornamental stars. Nobody thought to add the word ‘Britain’, as it was assumed that the stamps would solely be put to domestic use.

With the introduction of the new postal system, the Penny Black was an instant hit, and printers struggled to meet demand. By the end of 1840, more than 160 million letters had been sent - more than double the previous year. It created more work for the post office, whose reform continued with the introduction of red letter boxes, new branches and more frequent deliveries, even to the remotest address, but its lasting impact on society was more remarkable.

Hill and his supporters rightly predicted that cheaper post would improve the ‘diffusion of knowledge’. Suddenly, someone in Scotland could be reached by someone in London within a day or two. And as literacy improved, sections of society that had been disenfranchised found a voice.

Tristram Hunt, an historian, values the ‘flourishing of correspondence’ that followed the arrival of stamps. ‘While I was writing my biography of Friedrich Engels I could read the letters he and Marx sent between Manchester and London,’ he says. ‘They wrote to each other three times a day, pinging ideas back and forth so that you can almost follow a real-time correspondence.’

The penny post also changed the nature of the letter. Weight-saving tricks such as cross-writing began to die out, while the arrival of envelopes built confidence among correspondents that mail would not be stolen or read. And so people wrote more private things - politically or commercially sensitive information or love letters. ‘In the early days of the penny post, there was still concern about theft,’ Hunt says. ‘Engels would still send Marx money by ripping up five-pound notes and sending the pieces in different letters.’ But the probity of the postal system became a great thing and it came to be expected that your mail would not be tampered with.

For all its brilliance, the Penny Black was technically a failure. At first, post offices used red ink to cancel stamps so that they could not be used again. But the ink could be removed. When in 1842, it was determined that black ink would be more robust, the colour of the Penny Black became a sort of browny red, but Hill’s brainchild had made its mark.

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

1. One of the characteristics of the postal service before the 1840s was that

A. postmen were employed by various organisations.
B. letters were restricted to a certain length.
C. distance affected the price of postage.
D. the price of delivery kept going up.

2. Letter writers in the 1830s

A. were not responsible for the cost of delivery.
B. tried to fit more than one letter into an envelope.
C. could only send letters to people living in cities.
D. knew all letters were automatically read by postal staff.

3. What does the text say about Hill in the 1830s?

A. He was the first person to express concern about the postal system.
B. He considered it would be more efficient for mail to be delivered by rail.
C. He felt that postal service reform was necessary for commercial development.
D. His plan received support from all the important figures of the day.

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Lớp 11 Tiếng anh Luyện tập tổng hợp

Nguyễn Hà My

10 tháng 8 2016 lúc 10:17

Part 3: You are going to read a newspaper article by a British student who worked at a summer camp in the US. Seven paragraphs have been removed from the article. Choose from the paragraphs A-H the one which fits each gap (124-130). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use. (7 points)SUMMER CAMP: A SOAP OPERAEvery June, thousands of British students fly to the United States to spend their holidays working at summer camps. In return, they get a free return flight, full board, poc...

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SUMMER CAMP: A SOAP OPERA

Every June, thousands of British students fly to the United States to spend their holidays working at summer camps. In return, they get a free return flight, full board, pocket money and the chance to travel. Lucy Graham joined a camp and spent eight weeks working with six to sixteen-year-olds.

I applied at the last minute and was so thrilled at the prospect of spending the holidays doing something more exciting than working in the local supermarket that I hastily accepted the only job left - in the camp laundry.

(124) ___ On arrival I was told by the camp director that I would be doing the washing for 200 children - on my own. Any romantic dreams I'd had quickly turned into nightmare reality. For the first week, the party sent out by the jobs agency - nine students, including me - became a full-time cleaning squad, getting the place ready for its grand opening.

(125) ___ The children's arrival also brought 50 American counsellors to look after them, and the opening of the laundry. At first, I had to work from 8.45 in the morning till 10.30 at night to get all my work done. Considering there was no hot water in the laundry and the machines were old, the washing came out remarkably well.

(126) ___ The kitchen workers, maintenance man and myself found that we were on the lowest level of the camp's class system. Our four British counsellor friends had a much better time. They got friendly with their American colleagues and were respected by the children. They were also given tips by parents after the holiday.

(127) ___ As for the camp itself, it had a large lake and excellent sporting facilities. But because organised activities for the children carried on into the evening, we usually didn't get the chance to use them. However, much more annoying were my room-mates, three 18-year-old girls who worked in the dining room.

(128) ___ On top of that, the camp food was poor, with child-size portions; fresh fruit and vegetables were rare. One catering worker even stood over the pineapple rings, checking that you took only one each.

(129) ___ However, I couldn't set off as soon as the children left because we had to stay on for a few days, cleaning and closing down the camp. My last duty was to load up the rubbish bags and take out any clothes the children had thrown away, in case their parents asked about them.

(130) ___ What's more, without the free ticket I got to the US - and the rail ticket from my parents - I would never have seen Niagara Falls, gone up the Empire State Building or had my picture taken with Mickey Mouse at Disney World.

A They had never been away from home before, and spent most of the night screaming with excitement. Sometimes, the only way to get any rest was to pretend to be ill and sleep in the medical centre.

B We weren't so lucky. We were never invited to join in the evening activities. When we did manage to get out of the camp, our evenings tended to consist of eating ice-cream at the local gas station.

C As a result, the standard of the camp you end up in is usually a question of luck. However, the agencies do hold meetings where you can ask representatives from camps about the facilities and the nature of the work you will be expected to do.

D We swept out the bedrooms and scrubbed the lavatories, gymnasium and kitchen. We polished the cooking equipment, put up the sports nets and carried any luggage sent on ahead to the bedrooms.

E On the whole it had been well worth it. Despite the washing, the camp's plus points had been a beautiful setting, meeting a great bunch of travelling companions and doing far more reading for my university course than I would have done at home.

F All these disadvantages meant that Saturdays, our days off, were highly valued. The places we visited then, such as New York City, gave me an appetite for travelling later on. If I hadn't done that, I would have regretted it - there is so much to see and do and I was keen to get on with it.

G But with so many clothes to wash and dry, some did get mixed up. I had six-year-olds marching up and telling me that their parents would be very angry if I didn't find their favourite sweater.

H I started to have my doubts while squashed between the swimming instructor and the sports teacher during the three-hour minibus ride to the camp, which was in a tiny town about 90 miles from New York City.

Your answer:

124. ……….…………… 125. …………………… 126. ……………………

127. ……………………. 128. …………………… 129. ……………………

130. …………………….

Part 4: Read the passage and fill in each gap with ONE suitable word. (10 points)

We have seen photographs of the whole earth taken from great distances in outer space. This is the first time, the (131) ………….. first time, in man's long history that such pictures have been possible. (132) ………….. many years most people have believed that the earth was ball-shaped. A few thought it was round and (133) ………….., like a coin. Now we know, beyond doubt, that those few were (134) …………. The photographs show a ball-shaped (135) …………., bright and beautiful. In colour photographs of the earth, the sky is as (136) …………. as coal. The (137) ………….. looks much bluer than it usually does to us. All our grey (138) ………….. are a perfect white in colour; because, of course, the (139) ………… is for ever shining on them. We are (140) ………….. to live on the beautiful earth.

Giúp mk làm bài này thôi!

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Lớp 11 Tiếng anh Luyện tập tổng hợp

Binh Minh

15 tháng 10 2019 lúc 21:15

Giúp mình vs nhé Bài 1: Write the correct FORM of each bracketed words in the numbered spaces provided. The domesticated cat, more commonly referred to as the house cat, is the smallest memember of the...............(EXTEND) feline family. Like thier wild cousins, house cats................(CHARACTER) have streamlined bodies, classically shaped skulls, elongated tails and specially evolved teeth and claws. All of these physical attributes contribute to the..............(POTENT) of the cat as...

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Giúp mình vs nhé

Bài 1: Write the correct FORM of each bracketed words in the numbered spaces provided.

The domesticated cat, more commonly referred to as the house cat, is the smallest memember of the...............(EXTEND) feline family. Like thier wild cousins, house cats................(CHARACTER) have streamlined bodies, classically shaped skulls, elongated tails and specially evolved teeth and claws.

All of these physical attributes contribute to the..............(POTENT) of the cat as a carnivorous predator. House cats, like their larger relatives found in the wild, are renowned for their acute sense of balance, amazing.................(AGILE) and lithe, ...................(GRACE) movements.

In contrast to man’s best friend the dog, cats are not considered to be social animals in the sense that they have never................(HABIT) travelled in packs or adopted leaders. Dogs, on the other hand, which have always been social................(CREATE), seem to have been better suited for the fireside hearth as they.................(READY) transferred their allegiance from the leader of the canine pack to their human master.

This interesting fact may offer an answer as to why cats appear to be so much more................(DEPEND) and self-reliant than dogs. Dog owners often cite that cat’s innate aloofness as adequate reason for their own personal pet..................(PREFER)

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Lớp 11 Tiếng anh Luyện tập tổng hợp

Binh Minh

16 tháng 10 2019 lúc 5:59

Đọc tiếp

Giúp mình vs nhé

Bài 1: Write the correct FORM of each bracketed words in the numbered spaces provided.

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Lớp 11 Tiếng anh Luyện tập tổng hợp

Binh Minh

14 tháng 10 2019 lúc 23:48

Giúp mình nhé Bài 1: Write the correct FORM of each bracketed words in the numbered spaces provided. The domesticated cat, more commonly referred to as the house cat, is the smallest memember of the...............(EXTEND) feline family. Like thier wild cousins, house cats................(CHARACTER) have streamlined bodies, classically shaped skulls, elongated tails and specially evolved teeth and claws. All of these physical attributes contribute to the..............(POTENT) of the cat as a c...

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Giúp mình nhé

Bài 1: Write the correct FORM of each bracketed words in the numbered spaces provided.

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Lớp 11 Tiếng anh Luyện tập tổng hợp

Đặng Huỳnh Trâm

3 tháng 8 2020 lúc 16:47

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Giúp mình nhé Word form: Sociological research points to the theory that certain ways of positioning pr moving the body have a direct ( CORRELATE ) ................ with how one is perceived. People emit an aura of strength or power dependent on posture, gestures and eye movement. Quick, enthusiastic, (MEAN)................movements and gestures suggest a dynamic, alert person. People who look at, and maintain eye contact with their audience while conversing with them exude confidence and (FEAR)................. Somebody who is relaxed enough to stand before his audience without any (VISION)...............signs of stress exudes self-assuredness and honesty. Even though these people are comfortable in their stance, they hold themselves erect and avoid looking round-shouldered or hunched over. Being lazy with one’s posture could be (INDICATE).................of defeat, while standing tall and proud paints a picture of one who is in charge. Being conscious of one’s posture and gestures when sitting is also (CONDUCT).................to creating the right impression on the (HOLD)................ When one wishes to appear self-assured and knowledgeable in an important (PERSON)...............situation where sitting is required, a high, straight-backed chair should be chosen when possible. Placing and clasping the hands behind the head, with elbows stretched to the sides, adds to the impression of comfortable (ASSERT)............... It also keeps the hands under control and out of danger of (WANT)...............fidgeting.

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Lớp 11 Tiếng anh Luyện tập tổng hợp

adfghjkl

23 tháng 11 2019 lúc 20:38

I. Rewrite each of the following sentences, using the suggested word. 1. My school has conducted several volunteer programs to raise students awareness of helping others. (BEEN) 2. My grandfather became deaf when he turned 70 years old. (SINCE) 3. James last visited his mother, who has been living in the nursing home, in December. (NOT) 4. Helen and her boyfriend havent gone on a date for ages. (IT) 5. When Maria started college, she stopped doing volunteer work. (SINCE) II. Read the passa...

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I. Rewrite each of the following sentences, using the suggested word.

1. My school has conducted several volunteer programs to raise students' awareness of helping others. (BEEN)

2. My grandfather became deaf when he turned 70 years old. (SINCE)

3. James last visited his mother, who has been living in the nursing home, in December. (NOT)

4. Helen and her boyfriend haven't gone on a date for ages. (IT)

5. When Maria started college, she stopped doing volunteer work. (SINCE)

II. Read the passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions.

four great reasons for high school students to volunteer

Volunteer work presents a great opportunity for teenagers to prepare for the future, as well as to improve their communities. In addition to boosting socializing skills and awareness of local organizations and social issues, high school students who volunteer often may have an advantage over their peers when headed off to college.

1. Gaining New Skills

With each new volunteer activity, students gain new skills. The skills seem to be basic or trivial at the time of training, but may provide fundamental grounds for future success. For example, For example, by managing the receipt, sorting and distributing the donations from community, school students might learn how to use spreadsheets to keep track of inventory. These skills are a great foundation for a job in management, accounting, or running a small business.

2. Giving Time

One of the most charitable acts anyone can do is donate their time and talents. Students who are busy with after-school sports or work to help support their families and still make time to volunteer on evenings or weekends show their outstanding character and resolve to make a difference. High school students may help to mentor younger ones or to assist with one-time special events held on weekends.

3. Showing Responsibility

Just like going to a job, committing to a volunteer position shows a student's responsibility. High school students should get involved in volunteer programs relating to their hobbies in order to naturally build responsibility. For example, those who love to read can find volunteer opportunities with a local library and those who enjoy sports can coach athletics at an after-school program for children.

4. Adding to the Resume

If a high school student's pre-college resume is limited to summer employment at a local restaurant or a cafe. it might be time to add a few lines. Commitment to community volunteer work over a long time shows that a student is willing to work for something without monetary compensation, including a college internship or apprenticeship, which may be a requirement of college programs.

1. According to the passage, who is volunteer work beneficial to?

A. high school students

B. students' communities

C. both students and communities

D. none of them

2. The word 'trivial' in paragraph 2 most closely means ________

A. important

B. significant

C. of little importance

D. fundamental

3. According to the passage, what job will the students' skill of using spreadsheets be useful to?

A. a manager

B. an accountant

C. a business owner

D. all of them

4. Why should busy students make their time to volunteer?

A. to demonstrate their excellent quality

B. to show their outstanding outcomes

C. to support their families

D. to develop their talents

5. According to the passage, what volunteer programs help to develop students' responsibility?

A. The programs are related to their future jobs

B. The programs are related to their interests

C. The programs are available after school

D. The programs are held by their local library

6. What volunteer work may be suitable for a student who likes sports?

A. working in a local library

B. joining a football team in their school

C. being a sport instructor at a primary school

D. coaching a football program for children after school hours

7. The phrase 'it might be time to add a few lines' in paragraph 5 most closely means________

A. Some more lines should be added in your resume

B. Much volunteer work must be included in your resume

C. You might spend more time to write your resume

D. Your resume should include your experience in volunteering

8. What may be a requirement of college programs for their future students?

A. being able to work over time

B. agreeing to work as a paid apprentice

C. being willing to work without being paid

D. being employed before

III. Read the text and decide whether the sentences are true (T) or false (F)

USAID IN Vietnam

Assisting persons with disabilities has long been one of the top priorities for the U.S. Government in Vietnam. Since 1989, with the establishment of the U.S. Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Leahy War Victims Fund (LWVF), USAID is working to increase the availability of and access to a wide variety of programs benefiting people with disabilities in conflict-affected countries.

In Vietnam, U. S. assistance has helped address medical needs and support the inclusion of Vietnamese with disabilities into all aspects of society. The U.S. Government has contributed more than $80 million in assistance to persons with disabilities, has improved the lives of more than 30,000 persons with disabilities, and has strengthened the Government of Vietnam’s capacity to provide high quality services to those in need. USAID has provided rehabilitation services for tens of thousands of persons with disabilities, education and vocational training including information technology, job placement, supporting parent associations to expand the advocacy for disability issues, and support for the development of legal codes to improve physical accessibility for persons with disabilities in public buildings.

USAID'S work supporting persons with disabilities is also viewed by many as contributing to successful US-Vietnam cooperation to overcome the painful past shared by the two countries. Program activities work in three areas: policy advocacy and coordination, direct assistance including occupational and physical therapy and providing assistive devices, and health systems strengthening, to provide quality disabilities-related care and treatment. Persons with disabilities have been more readily integrated into society by improving their access to health, education and social services. USAID programs support local governments in implementing the national disability law and the U.N. Convention on the rights of Persons with disabilities, and influencing public policies that affect the lives of persons with disabilities.

1. USAID was established in 1989 _____

2. USAID aims to make various programs benefiting all people in conflict-affected countries ___________

3. Addressing medical needs of Vietnamese people is the priority of U.S assistance in Vietnam ___________

4. American government has made an $80 million contribution to help disabled people in Vietnam __________

5. Thanks to USAID, more high quality services are provided to disabled people in Vietnam __________

6. USAID has helped to rehabilitate only a limited number of persons with disabilities in Vietnam __________

7. USAID work makes a great contribution to the success of US-Vietnam cooperation ___________

8. The main focus of USAID activities is providing direct assistance with occupation replacement and health treatment for the disabled. ___________

9. Having better access to health, education and social services, the disabled in Vietnam have become more integrated into society ___________

10. Thanks to USAID programs, the Vietnam's national disability law and the U.N. Convention on the Rights of persons with disabilities have been enforced ___________

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