San pham khi cho hh kim loai tac dung voi axit la H2
cho H2 qua CuO du dun nong H2 +CuO -----> Cu + H2O (1)
Khoi luong chat ran giam do O trong CuO thoat ra => mO = m - 17.6 (g)
=> nO = (m - 17.6) / 16 = mol H2 sinh ra ( theo pt (1) nH2 = nCuO = nO (trong CuO))
=> mH2 = (m - 17.6) / 8 (g) (***)
ta co tong mol H+ la 0.3 mol
2H(+1) + 2 e ----------> 2H(0)
0.3------------>0.3 mol suy ra mol e nhan la 0.3 mol
gia su hh chi la Zn (co khoi luong mol lon nhat) thi ta chung minh hh kim loai du neu Zn du
vi
hh chi co kloai hoa tri II va III ( Fe,Zn,Mg len Fe(+2) , Zn(+2), Mg (+2) nhuong 2e ; Al len Al(+3) nhuong 3e)
Zn(II) co kl mol lon nhat thi so mol co dc se nho nhat, ta suy ra dc mol e nhuong nho nhat
theo dinh luat bao toan e : mol e nhuong = mol e nhan
neu mol e nhuong > mol e nhan thi chat khu(kim loai ) se du
theo gia su thi nZn = 0.23
Zn(0) ----------> Zn(+2) + 2e
0.23---------------------------->0.46 => mol e nhuong la 0.46 mol > mol e nhan
Vay axit phan ung het, kim loai se du
khi do thi mol H2 sinh ra bang mot nua tong mol H+ va bang 0.15 mol => mH2 = 0.3 g
ket hop voi (***) ta co m - 17.6 = 0.3 * 8 = 2.4
=> m = 20 g.
