PTHH: \(Al+NaOH+H_2O\rightarrow NaAlO_2+\dfrac{3}{2}H_2\uparrow\) (1)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\) (2)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\) (3)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\) (4)
a) Ta có: \(n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_{Al}=0,2mol\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=0,3mol\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(3\right)}+n_{H_2\left(4\right)}=\dfrac{12,32}{22,4}-0,3=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{Al}=0,2\cdot27=5,4\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}+m_{Mg}=6,6\left(g\right)\)
Gọi số mol của Fe là \(a\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(3\right)}=a\)
Gọi số mo của Mg là b \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(4\right)}=b\)
Ta lập được hệ phương trình:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+24b=6,6\\a+b=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{3}{160}\\b=\dfrac{37}{160}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=\dfrac{3}{160}\cdot56=1,05\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg}=\dfrac{37}{160}\cdot24=5,55\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{1,05}{12}\cdot100\%=8,75\%\\\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{5,55}{12}\cdot100\%=46,25\%\\\%m_{Al}=45\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) Theo các PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl\left(2\right)}=3n_{Al}=0,6mol\\n_{HCl\left(3\right)}=2n_{Fe}=\dfrac{3}{80}\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl\left(4\right)}=2n_{Mg}=\dfrac{37}{80}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{HCl}=1,1mol\) \(\Rightarrow V_{HCl}=\dfrac{1,1}{2}=0,55\left(M\right)\)
