<=> How much + be + st ?
<=> How much + do/does + st + cost ?
Ex:
What is the price of this watch?
-> How much is this watch?
-> How much does this watch cost?
2. Can/Could + you + show/tell + me the way to + a place ?
<=> Can/Could + you + tell/show + me + how to get to + a place?
Ex:
Could you tell me the way to the GP bank?
-> Could you show me how to get to the GP bank?
3. S + be + adj + noun
<=> S + verb + adv
Ex:
Tony and Bobby are very good footballers.
-> Tony and Bobby play football very well.
4. S + have (got)
<=> There + be
Ex:
Our class has got 31 students.
-> There are 31 students in our class.
5. There is/are + no + N
<=> There is/are + not any + N
Ex:
There is nobody in the room.
-> There is not any body in the room.
6. S + V + time
<=> It take/took + (sb) + time + to V
Ex:
She wrote the litter in 30 minutes.
-> It took her 30 minutes to write the litter.
7. So + adj/adv + that + clause
<=> Such + a/an + N + that + clause
Ex:
She is so beautiful that everyone likes her.
-> She is such a beautiful girl that everyone likes her.
8. S + V + adj/adv + enough (for sb) to V
<=> S + V + too + adj (for sb) to V
Ex:
He is very young so he can't get married.
-> He isn't old enough to get married.
-> He is too young to get married.
Ex: She has lots of / many books.
There is a lot of / much water in the glass.
2. Câu so sánh: a. So sánh hơn: Tính từ ngắn: S + be + adj + er + than ….. I am taller than Tính từ dài: S + be + more + adj + than …. My school is more beautiful than your school. b. So sánh nhất: Tính từ ngắn: S + be + the + adj + est ….. He is the tallest in his Tính từ dài: S + be + the most + adj …. My school is the most c. Một số từ so sánh bất qui tắc: good / well better the best bad worse the worst 3. Từ nghi vấn: what: cái gì where:ở đâu who: ai why: tại sao when: khi nào how: như thế nào how much: giá bao nhiêu how often: hỏi tần suất how long: bao lâu how far: bao xa what time: mấy giờ how much + N không đếm được: có bao nhiêu how many + N đếm được số nhiều: có bao nhiêu 4. Thì|
Thì |
Cách dùng | Dấu hiệu |
Ví dụ |
| SIMPLE PRESENT
(Hiện tại đơn)
– To be: thì, là, ở KĐ: S + am / is / are |
– chỉ một thói quen ở hiện tại
– chỉ một sự thật, một chân lí. |
– always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, rarely (ít khi), seldom (hiếm khi), every, once (một lần), | – She often gets up at 6 am.
– The sun rises in the east. (Mặt trời mọc ở hướng Đông) |
| PĐ: S + am / is / are + not NV: Am / Is / Are + S …?
– Động từ thường: KĐ: S + V1 / V(s/es) PĐ: S + don’t/ doesn’t + V1 NV: Do / Does + S + V1 …? |
twice (hai lần) | ||
| PRESENT CONTINUOUS
(Hiện tại tiếp diễn) KĐ: S + am / is / are + V-ing PĐ: S + am / is / are + not + V-ing
NV: Am / Is /Are + S + V-ing? |
– hành động đang diễn ra ở hiện tại. | – at the moment, now, right now, at present
– Look! Nhìn kìa – Listen! Lắng nghe kìa |
– Now, we are learning
English. – She is cooking at the moment. |
| SIMPLE PAST
(Quá khứ đơn)
– To be: KĐ: I / He / She / It + was You / We / They + were PĐ: S + wasn’t / weren’t NV: Was / were + S …?
– Động từ thường: KĐ: S + V2 / V-ed PĐ: S + didn’t + V1 NV: Did + S + V1 ….? |
– hành động xảy ra và chấm dứt trong quá khứ. | – yesterday, last week, last month, …ago, in 1990, in the past, … | – She went to London last year.
– Yesterday, he walked to school. |
| SIMPLE FUTURE
(Tương lai đơn)
KĐ: S + will / shall + V1 I will = I’ll PĐ: S + will / shall + not + V1 (won’t / shan’t + V1)
NV: Will / Shall + S + V1 …? |
– hành động sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai | – tomorrow (ngày mai), next, in 2015, tonight (tối nay), soon (sớm) …. | – He will come back tomorrow.
– We won’t go to school next Sunday. |
* Một số động từ bất qui tắc khi chia quá khứ đơn:
|
Nguyên mẫu |
Quá khứ |
Nghĩa |
| – be | – was / were | – thì, là, ở |
| – go | – went | – đi |
| – do | – did | – làm |
| – have | – had | – có |
| – see | – saw | – nhìn thấy |
| – give | – gave | – cho |
| – take | – took | – lấy |
| – teach | – taught | – dạy |
| – eat | – ate | – eaten |
| – send | – sent | – gửi |
| – teach | – taught | – dạy |
| – think | – thought | – nghĩ |
| – buy | – bought | – mua |
| – cut | – cut | – cắt, chặt |
| – make | – made | – làm |
| – drink | – drank | – uống |
| – get | – got | – có, lấy |
| – put | – put | – đặt, để |
| – tell | – told | – kể, bảo |
| – little | – less | – ít hơn |
| – first | – eleventh | – twenty-first |
| – second | – twelfth | – twenty-second |
| – third | – thirteenth | – twenty-third |
| – fourth | – fourteenth | – twenty-fourth |
| – fifth | – fifteenth | – twenty-fifth |
| – sixth | – sixteen | – …………… |
| – seventh | – seventeenth | – ………….. |
| – eighth | – eighteenth | – ………….. |
| – ninth | – nineteenth | – ………….. |
| – tenth | – twentieth | – thirtieth |
What + a / an + adj + N!
Ex:
What a beautiful house!
What an expensive car!
7. Giới từ chỉ nơi chốn:on – next to
in (tỉnh, thành phố) – behind
under – in front of
near (gần) – beside (bên cạnh)
to the left / the right of – between
on the left (bên trái) – on the right (bên phải)
at the back of (ở cuối …) – opposite
on + tên đường
at + số nhà, tên đường
chỉ thời gian:at + giờ – in + tháng, mùa, năm
on + thứ, ngày – from …to
after (sau khi) – before (trước khi)
Ex: at 6 o’clock
in the morning / in the afternoon / in the evening in August, in the autumn, in 2012
on Sunday, on 20th July from Monday to Saturday
chỉ phương tiện giao thông:by; on
Ex: by car; by train, by plane
on foot.
8. Câu đề nghị: Let’s + V1 Should we + V1 … Would you like to + V-ing …? Why don’t you + V-ing …? What about / How about + V-ing …?Ex: What about watching TV?
Câu trả lời:
– Good idea. / Great (tuyệt) / OK / – I’d love to.
– I’m sorry, I can’t.
Ex: Let’s go to the cinema.
Should we play football?
Would you like to go swimming?
9. Lời hướng dẫn (chỉ đường): Could you please show me / tell me the way to the ….., please? Could you tell me how to get to the ….? go straight (ahead) đi thẳng turn right / turn left quẹo phải / quẹo trái take the first / second street on the right / on the left quẹo phải / trái ở con đường thứ nhất / thứ haiEx:
– Excuse me. Could you show me the way to the supermarket, please?
– OK. Go straight ahead. Take the first street on the right. The supermarket is in front of you
10. Hỏi giờ :What time is it?
What’s the time?
Do you have the time?
Giờ đúng: It’s + giờ + phút Giờ hơn: It’s + phút + past + giờ hoặc It’s + giờ + phút Giờ kém: It’s + phút + to + giờ hoặc It’s + giờ + phút 11. Mất bao lâu để làm gì:How long does it take + (O) + to V => It takes + (O) + thời gian + to V…
Ex: How long does it take you to do this homework?
12. Hỏi về khoảng cach:How far is it from ………………to ……………?
=> It’s about + khoảng cách
13. Cách nói ngày tháng :Tháng + ngày
Hoặc the + ngày + of + tháng
Ex: May 8th
the 8th of May
14. Have fun + V_ing : Làm việc gì một cách vui vẻ 15. Hỏi giá tiền :How much + is / are + S ? => S + is / are + giá tiền
How much + do /does + S + cost ? => S + cost(s) + giá tiền
16. Tính từ kép:Số đếm – N(đếm được số ít)
EX: 15-minute break ( có dấu gạch nối và không có S)
17. Lời khuyên: S + should / shouldn’t S + ought to + V1 S + must
Đây nhé:
Unit 1: My Hobbies
1) Review about the present simple and the future simple:
a, The present simple:
-With tobe:
Positive: S+ am/is/are+ N/ Adj
Negative: S+ am/is/are+ not + N/Adj
Question and short answer: Am/Is/Are + S + N/Adj?
Yes, S+ am/is/are
No, S+ am/is/ are + not
b, The future simple:
Positive: S+will/shall + V( nguyên thể)
Negative: S+ will/shall+ not+ V( nguyên thể )
Questions and short answer: Will/Shall+ S+ V( nguyên thể )+....?
Yes, S+ will/shall
No, S+ will/shall+ not
2) Verb of liking: enjoy, hate, dislike, ...
Verb of liking+ V-ing
Unit 2: Health
1) Imperatives with more and less:
Ex: -do more exercises, eat more vegetables, sleep more
-eat less junk food, sunbathe less,...
2) Feeling about your health:
a, S+ feel(s) + Adj
Usage: Dùng để diễn tả cảm giác về tình trạng sức khỏe
b, S+ have/ has+ một bệnh( earache, sore eyes, stomachache,...)
Usage: Dùng để nêu bệnh của bản thân hoặc ai đó
Unit 3: Community Services:
*) Past simple and present perfect:
- Chúng ta dùng thì quá khứ đơn để diễn tả cho một hành động đã bắt đầu và kết thúc trong quá khứ.
- Chúng ta dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành để nói về một hành động đã xảy ra một vài lần trong quá khứ hoặc là 1 hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ và còn liên lụy tới hiện tại.
Còn tiếp
. S + began / started + to V/ V-ing + time ago (nhận dạng cấu trúc: began/ started to V/ Ving: bắt đầu làm gì)
Viết lại thành: S + have/has + P2 / been Ving+ for / since …
Ví dụ: She began to play the piano 5 years ago
=> She has played/ has been playing the piano for 5 years.
2. S + last + Ved + time+ ago: Lần cuối cùng làm gì
=> S + have/ has +not+ for + time
=> It’s + time+ since + S + last + Ved.
=> The last time + S + V ed+ was + time + ago.
Ví dụ: It last snowed 2 weeks ago.
=> It hasn’t snowed for 2 weeks
=> It’s 2 weeks since it last snowed.
=> The last time it snowed was 2 weeks ago.
3. This is the first time + S +have/has+P2: Lần đầu làm gì
=> S +have/ has + never + P2+ before
=> S+ have/ has not+ P2+ before
Ví dụ: This is the first time I have met him
=> I have never met him before.
=> I haven’t met him before.
4. This is the Superlative (…est/ most ADJ N) S +have/has+P2
=> S +have/ has + never + P2+ such a/an+ ADJ+ N
=> S+ have/ has never+ P2+ a more + ADJ+ N than this
Đề thi minh họa 2015:
This is the most interesting novel I have ever read.
=> I have never read such an interesting novel.
=> I have never read a more interesting novel than this (one/ novel)
Cấu trúc 5,6,7,8 thay thế cho nhau linh hoạt.
5. S + Be/V + too + adj/adv + (for someone) + to do something: Quá....để cho ai làm gì...
Ví dụ:
- The top shelf is too high for the children to reach.
- He ran too fast for me to follow.
6. S + Be/V + so + adj/ adv + that + S + V+O: Quá... đến nỗi mà...
Ví dụ:
- The top shelf is so high that the children can not not reach it.
- He ran so fast that I could not follow him.
Notes: Trong cấu trúc So… that: vế sau that là mệnh đề mới nên cần có thêm O sau V nên ta có reach it và follow him, trong khi đó ở cấu trúc “too” thì không, các em hết sức lưu ý.
Còn cấu trúc S + Be/V + so + many/much/little/few +N + that + S + V + O.
Ví dụ: She has so much work to do that she can not go out with me tonight.
She has so many things to do that she can not go out with me tonight
7. It + Be/V + such + (a/an) + (adj) + N(s) + that + S + V +O: Quá... đến nỗi mà...
Ví dụ:
- It is such a high top shelf that the children can not reach it.
- He was such a fast runner that I could not follow him
8. S + Be/V + adj/ adv + enough + (for someone) + to do something : Đủ... cho ai đó làm gì...
Chúng ta thường lấy ADJ đối nghĩa của ADJ cho sẵn trong câu “too” để dùng tạo câu mới.
Ví dụ: She is too young to get married.
=> She isn’t old enough to get married.
9. It’s adj (for Sb) to do sth: Ai đó làm gì như thế nào?
=> Doing sth be ADJ (for sb)
=> S find Ving/ it/ N + ADJ to do sth
Ví dụ: It’s difficult for me to wake up early in the morning.
=> Waking up early in the morning is difficult for me.
=> I find waking up early in the morning difficult.
=> I find it difficult to wake up in the morning.
(với N) I find English interesting to study.
Ví dụ: It’s cool to try your best for what you want.
=> Trying your best for what you want is cool.
I find it cool to try your best for what you want.
10. S+ should/ ought to/ had better+ V
Or If I were you,…
=> It’s time for sb to do sth
=> It’s (high/ about) time S+ did sth. (thể hiện sự phàn nàn, chê trách “sao tới bây giờ mà vẫn chưa làm?”)
Ví dụ: You’d better go right now.
=> It’s time for you to go now.
=> It’s time you went now.
11. Although/ Though/ Even though + clause (S+V)
=> Despite / In spite of+ Noun/gerund (Ving)
=> Despite/ in spite of the fact that S+ V,….
Ví dụ: Although they don’t have money, they still live happily.
=> Despite no money/ having no money, they still live happily.
=> In spite of the fact that they don’t have money, they still live happily.
12. S + V + so that/ in order that+ S + V (chỉ mục đích)
=> S + V + to + V
Ví dụ: She studies hard in order that she can pass the final examination.
=> She studies hard to pass the final examination
13. There’s no point in Ving: không đáng, không có ích khi làm gì?
=> It’s no good/ no use Ving
=> It’s not worth Ving
Ví dụ: There’s no point in arguing.
=> It’s no good/ no use arguing
=> It’s not worth arguing
14. Các cấu trúc liên quan đến câu gián tiếp
- Đề nghị: Suggest
Shall we+ V..../Let's+ V.../How/What about+ Ving..../Why dont we + V ..
=> S+ suggested+ Ving: đề nghị cùng làm gì.
Ví dụ: "Why don’t we go out for a walk?” said the boy.
=> The boy suggested going out for a walk
- Gợi ý cho người khác: “Why don’t you+ Vo?
=> S+ suggested+ that+ S+ should/shouldn't+ V
Ví dụ: “Why don’t you have a rest?” he said to her
=> He suggested that she should have a rest.
- Cáo buộc : S accused Sb of doing sth
“You stole the money on the table”, she said to him
=> She accused him of stealing the money on the table.
- Thừa nhận hoặc phủ nhận
S+ admitted/ denied+ Ving/ having P2.
He said “Yes, I did”
=> He admitted stealing/ having stolen the money on the table
He said: “ No, I didn’t”
=> He denied stealing/ having stolen the money on the table
- Lời khuyên (should/ought to/ had better/ If I were you.../ Why don’t you)
S + advised sb + (not) to V
“If I were you, I would save some money” she said
=> She advised me to save some money.
“You shouldn’t believe him” Jane said to Peter.
=> Jane advised Peter not to believe him.
- Câu mời (Would you like......?)
S+ offered Sb Sth
S+ offered to do Sth
S + invited sb+ to V
Would you like a cup of coffee, Peter?” I said.
=> I offered Peter a cup of coffee.
“Would you like me to clean the house for you” he said.
=> He offered to clean the house for me.
“Would you like to go to the cinema with me tonight?” he said.
=> He invited me to go to the cinema with him that night.
- Dặn dò: S + remember + to do Sth
=> S + don’t forget + to do Sth
=> S remind Sb to do Sth
He told me: “Don’t forget to come here on time tomorrow”.
=> He reminded me to come there on time the next day.
She said to all of us: “Remember to submit the report by this Thursday”
=> She reminded all of us to submit the report by that Thursday.
- Cảm ơn: Thank Sb for Ving/ N
“Thank you for helping me finish this project “ he said to us.
=> He thanked us for helping him finish that project.
“ Thank you for this lovely present.” I said to him.
=> I thanked him for that lovely present.
- Xin lỗi: S apologized to sb for Ving
“Sorry, I broke your vase” he said to his mother.
=> He apologized to his mother for breaking her vase
- Khen ngợi: S congratulated Sb on Ving
“Congratulations! You won the first prize” he said to me.
=> He congratulated me on winning the first prize.
- Đe dọa: S+ threatened (sb)+to V/ not to V : đe doạ (ai) làm gì
He said " I will kill you if you don’t do that "-
=> He threatened to kill me if I didn’t do that
15. Chú ý đến các dạng cấu trúc trong câu điều kiện
- Unless = If not.
If you don’t have a visa, you can not come to America
=> Unless you have a visa, you can not come to America
- Đảo ngữ trong điều kiện loại 1: Should+ S+ V
+ Loại 2: Were S+ Adj/N / to V
+ Loại 3: Had+ S+ (not) P2
Đề thi minh họa 2015:
You can ring this number whenever there is any difficulty.
Should there be any difficulty, ring this number.
16. Các cấu trúc liên quan đến so sánh:
Sự chuyển đổi từ cấu trúc ngang bằng - so sánh hơn - so sánh hơn nhất:
Ví dụ: Sally is the tallest girl in her class
=> No one in Sally’s class is as tall as her.
=> No one in Sally’s class is taller than her.
- Cấu trúc tăng tiến cấp độ: The 8-year-old bride movie is more and more interesting.
- Cấu trúc càng… càng: The older he is, the less he wants to travel.
17. Các cấu trúc liên quan đến bị động
- Have Sb do sth => have Sth done
Ví dụ: We get him to look after our house when we are on business.
=> We get our house looked after (by him) when we are on business
- Make Sb do sth-> Sb be made to do Sth
The teacher made the students work hard.
=> The students were made to work hard.
- People say S+ V
=> It be said that S+ V
=> S be said to V/ to have P2
Ví dụ: People say that he drinks a lot of wine.
=> It is said that he drinks a lot of wine.
=> He is said to drink a lot of wine.
18. Các cấu trúc liên quan đến câu đảo ngữ.
- Never will I speak to him again.
- No sooner had I arrived home than the phone rang.
- Hardly had I arrived home when the phone rang.
- Only after posting the letter did I realize that I had forgotten to put on a stamp.
- Not until I asked a passer-by did I know where I was = It was not until I asked a passer-by that I knew where I was.
- Around the corner is the hospital.
