a) \(x^3-3x^2-x+3\) \(=\left(x^3-x\right)-\left(3x^2-3\right)=x\left(x^2-1\right)-3\left(x^2-1\right)\)
\(=\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2-1\right)\)
b) \(x^3-4x^2-x+4=\left(x^3-x\right)-\left(4x^2-4\right)=x\left(x^2-1\right)+4\left(x^2-1\right)\)
\(=\left(x-4\right)\left(x^2-1\right)\)
c) \(2x^3-x^2-2x+1=\left(2x^3-2x\right)-\left(x^2-1\right)=2x\left(x^2-1\right)-\left(x^2-1\right)\)
\(=\left(2x-1\right)\left(x^2-1\right)\)
d) \(5x^3-x^2-5x+1=\left(5x^3-5x\right)-\left(x^2-1\right)=5x\left(x^2-1\right)-\left(x^2-1\right)\)
\(=\left(5x-1\right)\left(x^2-1\right)\)