1)
PT: \(2Na+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+H_2\)
\(2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{a.C\%}{98}\left(mol\right)\)
mH2O (trong acid) = a - a.C% \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{a-a.C\%}{18}\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,05a}{2}=0,025\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}+\dfrac{1}{2}n_{H_2O}=n_{H_2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a.C\%}{98}+\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{a-a.C\%}{18}=0,025a\Rightarrow C=15,8\%\)
2)
PT: \(MO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MSO_4+H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{MO}=\dfrac{b}{M_M+16}\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{MSO_4}=n_{MO}=\dfrac{b}{M_M+16}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\dfrac{b}{M_M+16}.98}{15,8\%}=\dfrac{620,25b}{M_M+16}\left(g\right)\)
⇒ m dd sau pư = b + 620,25b/(MM + 16) (g)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{MSO_4}=\dfrac{\dfrac{b}{M_M+16}.\left(M_M+96\right)}{b+\dfrac{620,25b}{M_M+16}}.100\%=18,21\%\)
⇒ MM = 24 (g/mol)
→ M là Mg.