1. As I have just had a tooth ----, I am not allowed to eat or drink anything for three hours.
A) run out
B) tried on
C) crossed out
D) taken out
E) broken off

2. You need to ---- your essay for spell-check before you hand in your exam paper.
A) hang out
B) point out
C) cut off
D) go over
E) give away

3. It is not easy for many civil servants to ---- on their salaries as the inflation rate is extremely high.
A) get by
B) turn up
C) wear out
D) run over
E) take away

4. You'd better ---- your cigarette as it is dangerous to smoke at a gas station.
A) hold up
B) pull through
C) get through
D) hang up
E) put out

5. Jane found it hard to get up from the bed after the alarm clock ---- at seven.
A) broke in
B) took out
C) sent out
D) went off
E) threw up

6. There is an easy way to ---- four species of wild cats living in this region by their tail patterns.
A) tell apart
B) see to
C) clear up
D) back up
E) call for

7. I thought the party was going to be boring, but it ---- to be the most unforgettable evening of my life.
A) turned out
B) looked around
C) passed away
D) fell back on
E) cut down

8. I find it hard to ---- with the other students in the Italian class as they have been attending the classes more regularly than I do.
A) fall through
B) call in
C) do away
D) catch up
E) come up

9. The first National Food and Nutrition Survey was ---- in 1980 and the most recent one in 1992.
A) carried out
B) dropped out
C) figured out
D) brought about
E) checked in

10. The summit was earlier to be held in March but was ---- due to the tsunami disaster that hit India, Sri Lanka and the Maldives.
A) paid off
B) crossed out
C) put off
D) dropped in
E) turned down

1. You ---- the locksmith to open the door for you last night before you tried to open the door yourself.
must call
ought to have called
have had to call
could call
had better call

2. Scientists have found that people who are active at a moderate level experience a long list of health benefits and that physical activity ---- vigorous.
has to be
is not used to being
must be
had better be
needn't be

3. As well as being a popular tourist site, Trafalgar Square offers some of the most famous views in the country, ----?
has it
was it
doesn't it
hasn't it
didn't it

4. I ---- an office but I chose to work from home because everything I need is here.
could have rented
must have rented
may rent
might rent
needn't have rented

5. Climbers survive in this so-called death zone above eight thousand meters because they spend several months climbing to higher points on the mountain to ---- in those conditions.
used to live
have to live
would rather live
get used to living
had better live

6. You ---- down to about 30 kilometers an hour when you are driving through a school zone between dawn and dusk.
should have slowed
had to slow
were supposed to live
may have slowed
must slow

7. Most advanced aircraft now ---- at supersonic speeds.
could have fly
shouldn't have fly
are able to fly
had to fly
were supposed to fly

8. When an emergency vehicle is approaching with its lights and siren on, drivers ---- pull over and stop to get out of the way.
needn't have moved
must move
can't have moved
didn't need to move
must have moved

9. My girlfriend said I ---- her anything for her birthday, but I think I ---- her some flowers at least or a nice bottle of wine.
didn't need to buy / should buy
had to buy / can't have bought
should have bought / must buy
don't need to buy / don't have to buy
may not buy / may have bought

10. The prisoner ---- this way; there are no footprints at all.
may have escaped
needn't have escaped
could have escaped
had to escape
can't have escaped

1. Apple Computers ---- the share of the market held by Microsoft in the late 1990s but unfortunately they didn't have a clear business plan to more ambitiously pursue their business goals.
could capture
needn't have captured
should capture
might have captured
might capture

2. Many immigrants now agree that they ---- their traditions when they first settled in America.
shouldn't have given up
don't have to give up
may not have given up
might not give up
needn't give up

3. Although working conditions ---- in many occupations in the past few years, one can never be safe, particularly in places with higher risk occupations.
might improve
can't have improved
may have improved
could improve
needn't have improved

4. A good supervisor ---- with people who attempt too much than with those who try too little because hard-working staff contributes much to all aspects of work.
shouldn't work
would rather work
had better not work
is not able to work
can't work

5. If you want to get a good night's sleep, you ---- any tea or coffee in the evenings.
would rather drink
don't have to drink
mustn't drink
were able to drink
could drink

6. Road conditions ---- much in the last fifteen years, since the government hasn't invested anything to renew the roads.
must have improved
needn't have improved
didn't need to improve
ought to have improved
can't have improved

7. A new report suggests that a vaccine that offers at least partial protection against HIV ---- available in the near future.
had to be
could be
used to be
might have been
would rather be

8. He ---- technical support when his computer broke down because he doesn't know much about computers.
must have had
needn't have had
can't have had
didn't have to have
shouldn't have had

9. The new steam powered and mechanized farm equipment .... the work easier but they couldn't get it to work.
was able to make
can't have made
didn't have to make
might have made
had better make

10. If you plan to take a long trip in the car, you must get a full tank of gas or you ---- out of gas.
have to run
should have run
had better run
might run
are used to running

1. Fortunately, I .... working alone otherwise I would have got really bored at the night shift.
A) was supposed to
B) was to
C) was used to
D) would
E) used to

2. I don't think it was a good idea to intervene, instead, you .... your child to abandon the habit of thumb-sucking gradually, all by himself.
A) have allowed
B) had allowed
C) must have allowed
D) were able to allow
E) could have allowed

3. After the voyaging ship was wrecked during a storm at sea, unfortunately, only two of the men on board .... swim to the small island nearby.
A) might
B) were supposed to
C) could
D) were able to
E) had to

4. I don't know why she didn't ask me how to do it as I ---- her.
A) must have helped
B) could have helped
C) might help
D) should have helped
E) could help

5. Martin ---- my tennis racket without asking my permission. I got really angry with him.
A) needn't have taken
B) must not have taken
C) shouldn't have taken
D) didn't need to taken
E) might not have taken

6. I don't know why Peter is so late; do you think he ---- lost coming here?
A) may get
B) could get
C) must have got
D) might have got
E) was to have got

7. What ---- to Phil? He said he ---- here at eight o'clock.
A) might have happened / will be
B) should have happened / has been
C) may happen / will have been
D) would happen / is
E) can have happened / would be

8. One of the US national security advisers ---- there ---- better intelligence sharing before the September 11 attacks.
A) had acknowledged / can be
B) acknowledges / might be
C) has acknowledged / could have been
D) acknowledged / must be
E) would acknowledge / will have been

9. We all think that Maria ---- an interesting person to meet as we ---- a lot of stories about her so far.
A) is / had heard
B) can be / heard
C) might have been / hear
D) would be / have heard
E) will be / will have heard

10. As a young woman who had never given birth before, she ---- what the experience of childbirth ---- like.
A) doesn't know / will be
B) may not know / is
C) must not have known / will be
D) may not know / would be
E) couldn't have known / would be

Choose the appropriate options to complete the sentences

1. Many people who live near nuclear plants are concerned. ---- go wrong, the impact on the surrounding area could be disastrous.
Something would
Something will
Should something
Does something

2. Had I known the carpenter was going to take three days to show up, I ---- the materials and done the work myself. It would have been finished by now.
will get
would have gotten
might get
will have gotten

3. I wish you ---- making that noise. It's bothering me.
would stop
are going to stop
stop
can stop

4. If I can speak Spanish, I ---- next year studying in Mexico.
would spend
would have spent
had spent
will spend

5. It would have been a much more serious accident ---- fast at the time .
had she been driving
was she driving
she had driven
she drove

6. "Can I borrow your car for this evening?"
"Sure, but Nora's using it right now. If she ---- it back in time, you're welcome to borrow it."
brought
would bring
had brought
brings

7. We ---- the game if we'd had a few more minutes.
might have won
won
had won
will win

8. If you ---- to my advice in the first place, you wouldn't be in this mess right now.
listen
will listen
had listened
listened

9. If I ---- the same problems you had as a child, I might not have succeeded in life as well as you have.
have
would have
had had
should have

10. ---- more help, I could call my neighbor.
Needed
Should I need
I have needed
I should need

Select the appropriate conjunctions to complete the sentences.

1. The Vaal River is one of the major rivers in South Africa but the runoff is not constant which means that large dams have to be built ---- store water for use.
notwithstanding
regardless of
so as to
thanks to
with the aim of

2. Due to ---- a lack of production ---- increasing housing prices, Liverpool is now ranked as one of the least affordable cities countrywide.
neither / nor
no sooner / than
scarcely / before
both / and
hardly / when

3. Mike has been told he will have to pay the fine ---- his high rank in the military.
even if
furthermore
on grounds that
despite
on purpose that

4. Some people believe vaccines overload our immune system, making it less able to react to other diseases ---- meningitis or AIDS, which are now threatening our health.
but for
lest
with the aim of
whereas
such as

5. Continued high-blood pressure is dangerous ---- it can increase the risk of heart disease and stroke.
however
so that
as
no matter although
for instance

6. They like to keep their old houses rather than building the new ones ---- it is very hard and expensive to maintain them.
because
even though
on the contrary
on account of
for example

7. The inhabitants of our village claim that pedestrians have no choice but to risk their lives crossing the dangerous road as there is ---- a pedestrian bridge ---- a crosswalk.
not only / but also
both / and
neither / nor
no sooner / than
hardly / when

8. ---- the Oscar Reward, the Cannes Film Festival is the biggest event which takes place in May in the South of France.
Except for
Such as
Lest
Unless
But

9. ---- vaccination has eliminated naturally occurring polio in North and South America, rare cases continue to occur in developing countries of Africa.
However
Although
As a result of
Hence
Moreover

10. The economy in China is booming; ---- many foreign investors are planning to enter China's market.
nonetheless
even if
so as to
in addition to
that's why

Choose the appropriate options to complete the sentences in passive or active form.

1. Camera footage shows that illegal goods ---- into the warehouse last week.
are being smuggled
smuggled
are smuggled
were smuggled

2. Millions of tons of coal ---- every day to produce energy.
are burning
are burnt
burnt
will burn

3. According to studies, single women often lack satisfactory life Insurance coverage and 64 percent of American women --- life insurance at all.
aren't carried
don't carry
weren't carried
didn't carry

4. The taste of the coffee ---- by how and where the coffee bean is grown.
should have affected
has to be affected
can be affected
could affect

5. Many teachers agree that one's language skills ---- by listening to others.
could have improved
can improve
used to improved
can be improved

6. The board ---- to consider a range of options by many, including Microsoft raising its offer in an attempt to break the stalemate between the companies.
was expected
is expecting
will expect
has expected

7. New methods of dating ancient footprints show that the first Americans --- there at least 25,000 years earlier than thought.
must be settled
should be settled
can settle
may have settled

8. The CSU team today ---- an updated forecast that predicts eight hurricanes - four of them with winds exceeding 110 miles.
has released
may be released
had released
is released

9. There are many factors behind the sharp increase in the oil price, which ---- most of the time.
had been overlooked
have been overlooked
are overlooking
will overlook

10. The hundreds of millions of people who live on the border of poverty ---- with the threat of starvation now.
are faced
had faced
had bee faced
faced

11. When I ---- him two weeks ago, he told me that he had returned from the South of France.
met
have met
will be met
may be met

12. As education, culture and the level of income ---- better, needs also expand and reach new dimensions.
got
get
getting
to get

13. When he heard the accusations against him, the man ---- that he himself was the actual victim of the crime.
alleged
was alleged
has alleged
will be alleged

14. As I have put on weight recently, I have to get the tailor ---- my suit before my graduation ceremony.
fix
fixed
to fixing
to fix

15. The best thing that you can do to extend the life of your car is to have your car ---- on a routine basis.
to service
to be serviced
service
serviced

Choose the appropriate options to complete the sentences.

1. Epilepsy ---- to be caused by poor air, which ---- to be carried by the veins to the brain.
is believed / thought
believes / is thought
was believed / was thought
is believing / is thinking
will be believed / has thought

2. The Wii, which is a video game console ---- by Nintendo ---- on November 19, 2006.
made / was released
is made / was released
was made / will release
makes / released
made / released

3. He ---- his first collection of poems in the early eighties and since that time he ---- by critics and public.
publishes / praised
published / has been praised
publishes / has praised
was published / was praised
will publish / will be praised

4. We can very confidently predict that if more of the forests ----, there ---- erosion
are cut / will be
cut / is
will cut / was
have been cut / used to be
was cut / will be

5. The poor bird ---- and all its efforts to escape from the trap ---- in vain.
has been captured / had been
captures / were
had been captured / was
will capture / are
had been captured / were

6. To have a clear image, stars ---- with a telescope.
must be observe
had better observe
should be observed
had to observe
could have been observed

7. It ---- that his music ---- thousands of people in the next years.
was thought / will influence
thinks / is influencing
is thought / will influence
will be thought / influences
thought / influenced

8. Archaeologists ---- today that the pyramid of an ancient Egyptian pharaoh ---- after being buried for generations.
announced / had rediscovered
announces / is rediscovered
are announced / was rediscovered
will announce / rediscovers
have announced / has been rediscovered

9. A Malawi woman who ---- with HIV five years ago ---- a baby now.
is facing / expects
is faced / was expected
was faced / is expecting
faces / expected
faced / will be expected

10. Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl ---- an international bestseller that ---- into more than 50 languages.
is / has been translated
had been / is translated
is / has translated
will be / translated
was / will translate

Choose the appropriate options to complete the sentences

1. The Amazon in Brazil is ---- longest river in ---- South America.
the / -
- / the
- / -
the / the
a / the

2. Last summer we went on ---- cruise in the Caribbean. Among ---- Islands we visited were Bermuda and the Bahamas.
- / the
a / the
the / an
the / -
- / -

3. We could barely get any information at the airport. ---- people seemed to have ---- idea about the flights.
Many / any
A lot of / any
Only a few / some
Few / no
Any / no

4. ---- teachers prefer a class that is fairly consistent in having pupils of the same level.
Each
Every
Neither
Whole
Most

5. ---- of what he said was very sensible.
Many
Much
A few
Few
Every

6. ---- drawings is different.
Each one of the
Very few
Every
All of
None

7. The report concludes sadly that ---- students have ---- knowledge of nuclear physics.
some / a lot of
both / whole
none / any
every / no
very few / some

8. ---- his friends speaks any English.
Both of
Some
All
Many
Neither of

Choose the appropriate word or word phrase to complete the sentences.

1. Supposedly, digital voice discs, or DVDs as they are called, are ---- resistant to scratching ---- records.
A) much / than
B) so / as
C) such / that
D) far more / than
E) many more / that

2. I don't have ---- much time for reading ---- I would like to.
A) as / as
B) more / than
C) so / that
D) too / that
E) such / that

3. English is today the third ---- native language worldwide after Chinese and Hindi, with some 380 million speakers.
A) the most spoken
B) the more spoken
C) much spoken
D) the least spoken
E) most spoken

4. My students' sleepless nights became ---- as the finals approached.
A) so frequently
B) more frequent
C) as frequent
D) much more frequently
E) far more frequent than

5. It is often said that the hyena is an aggressive animal, but in fact it is not ---- many people believe.
A) more vicious
B) so vicious that
C) as viciously as
D) so vicious as
E) more viciously than

6. The cupboard was ---- big ---- fit through the door, so we had to take it apart first.
A) too / to
B) more / than
C) so / that
D) enough / to
E) as / as

7. The roots of the old tree spread out ---- thirty meters in all directions and damaged nearby buildings.
A) too much
B) as much as
C) so much
D) so many as
E) much more

8. According to the recent election's results, the Democrats are ---- of the four main political parties.
A) the smaller
B) smallest
C) much smaller
D) smaller
E) the smallest

9. Ever since the use of natural gas became widespread, London isn't ---- a polluted city ---- it was ten years ago.
A) as / as
B) such / as
C) so / that
D) more / than
E) enough / to

10. The plot of the novel was ---- it was completely incomprehensible.
A) more complicated
B) such complicated
C) so complicated that
D) much more complicated than
E) so complicated as