I.............................. your telephone number up to now

A don't know                                   B didn't know

C haven't known                           D am not known

Read the following passage and mark the letter A , B , C , or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions

      It is estimated that by 2050 more than two - thirds of the world's population will live in cities , up from about 54 % today . While the many benefits of organized and efficient cities are well understood , we need to recognize that this rapid , often unplanned urbanization brings risks of profound social instability risks to critical infrastructure , potential water crises and the potential for devastating spread of disease . These risks can only be further exacerbated as this unprecedented transition from rural to urban areas continues .

         How effectively these risks can be addressed will increasingly be determined by how well cities are governed The increased concentration of people physical assets infrastructure and economic activities mean that the risks materializing at the city level will have far greater potential to disrupt society than ever before .

         Urbanization is by no means bad per se . It brings important benefits for economic cultural and societal development . Well managed cities are both efficient and effective , enabling economies of scale and network effects while reducing the impact on climate of transportation . As such , an urban model can make economic activity more environmentally friendly . Further , the proximity and diversity of people can spark innovation and create employment as exchanging ideas breeds new ideas .

         But these utopian concepts are threatened by some of the factors driving rapid urbanization . For example , one of the main factors is rural- urban migration , driven by the prospect of greater employment opportunities and the hope of a better life in cities . But rapidly increasing population density can create severe problems , especially if planning efforts are not sufficient to cope with the influx of new inhabitants . The result may , in extreme cases , be widespread poverty . Estimates suggest that 40 % of the world's urban expansion is taking place in slums , exacerbating socio - economic disparities and creating unsanitary conditions that facilitate the spread of disease .

        The Global Risks 2015 Report looks at four areas that face particularly daunting challenges in the face of rapid urbanization : infrastructure , health , climate change , and social instability . In each of these areas we find new risks that can best be managed or , in some cases , transferred through the mechanisms of insurance

Question 36 : Which best serves as the title for the passage ?

A. Infrastructure and economic activities in cities

 B. The risks of rapid Urbanization in Developing Countries

C. What has driven rapid Urbanization ?

 D. The Global Risks 2015 Report on Developing Countries

Question 37 : The word " profound " in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ........

A. meaningful                    B. severe                 C. deep .             D. right

Question 38 : The word " It " " in paragraph 3 refers to..........

 A. Population     B. Development      C. Urbanization       D. Unsanitary condition                

 Question 39 : Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 3 ?

 A. Urbanization minimizes risks for economic , cultural and societal development

B. Urbanization makes water supply system both efficient and effective .

C. Weather and climate in the city will not be improved .

D. People may come up with new ideas for innovation .

 Question 40 : The word " disparities " in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to....

A. inequalities        B. development           C. advantages              D. outcomes

Question 41 : According to the passage , urban expansion facilitates the spread of disease because...........

A. most of the world's urban expansion is taking place in slums .

B. too many people hope for a better life in cities .

C. employment opportunities in cities are greater .

 D. right D. poverty cannot be eliminated thoroughly .

Question 42 : Which of the following is TRUE , according to the passage ?

A. About 54 % of the world's population will live in cities by 2050 .

 B. Risks cannot be addressed effectively no matter how well cities are governed .

C. Urbanization brings important benefits for development as well .

D. Rapidly increasing population density can help solve poverty

Read the following passage and mark the letter A , B , C , or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions .

    It was widely reported last year that sales of guidebooks are falling fast , thanks to development in the Internet and mobile phones . It makes sense . Why bother taking a heavy book with you when you can down all the information you need to your phone as you walk around the cathedral ?

      Writing a new book about a place is a rewarding job , but one that is becoming a rarity . Publishers are more concerned with keeping existing books up to date than bringing out new ones in an already crowded market . This is understandable , since every guidebook is actually out of date as soon as it is published . It may have been researched a year before being printed and it could have sat on the bookshop shelf for a year or two , so its information might be three years old by the time the reader uses it in practice . It is hardly surprising , therefore , that some publishers are inviting almost as much in updating and redesigning their books as they did creating them . Updating guides is nowadays a good way for new writers to get started .

        But if the internet via a mobile phone can deliver information just as well as printed paper but much faster , at almost no cost , is there a future for printed guidebook ? Other books you read at home , but a travel guide's main purposes for urgent reference when you're desperate to find accommodation or somewhere to eat . Using a modern cell phone , any travelers can now enjoy a " paperless holiday " . Want to know the opening times of the museum ? Look them up online . Need some information on the ancient you're standing in ? Download it .

Question 31 : Which could be the best title for the passage

 A. Guidebooks Flourishing Despite the IT Revolution

B. Enjoying a paperless holiday

 C. Guidebooks in Deeline : What's the Future ?

 D. Guidebooks on the Brink of Extinction

Question 32 : The word " rewarding " in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to

A. satisfying           B. disappointing            C. worthless        D. frustrating

Question 33 : In paragraph 2 , before writing and publishing their books ,

 A. Publishers usually spend a year to research information needed for their books

 B. Many publishers still prefer an already crowded market for their books

C. Publishers ' actions may prove incomprehensible to lay people

D. Some publishers find almost as many resources to the update and redesign of their books as to the creation of them

Question 34 : The word " them " in paragraph 3 refers to

A. purposes            B. books           C. times                D. guides

Question 35 : Which of the following is true , according to the passage ?

A. The primary aim of a travel guide is for suggestions when travelers are in a hurry .

B. Before embarking on a journey , most people bring with them a guidebook in case they get into trouble .

C. The information found in a guidebook is always up - to - date and reliable .

D. Users cannot obtain information about the opening times of museums on the Internet . 

Read the following passage and mark the letter A , B , C , or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions .

    The outbreak of Covid - 19 is an unprecedented public health crisis , touching nearly all countries and ( 26 )........ across the world . The health impacts of covid - 19 are devastating and , rightly , in the forefront of our minds , cross our media , and impacting people's lives and livelihoods across the world .

    One of the most tangible outcomes of Covid - 19 is the ever - increasing socio - economic gap between learners . Over 365 million children are missing out on important school feeding programs ( 27 )......... keep them healthy and motivated to learn . Moreover , families may be pushed to ( 28 )........... negative coping mechanisms to meet their needs , including child labor or reducing the number and quality of meals time when staying healthy and keeping a strong immune system is particularly important

     Home Learning May itself be a source of stress for families and learners , with pressure to take on new responsibilities . Many children are suffering from anxiety , living without access to the Internet or other means required to benefit from distance learning . ( 29 ).......... older children are stressed about missing months education ( 30 ).......... they have to care for younger children in the home while parents and caregivers are working .

Question 26  A. communities    B. contexts          C. basics      D. backgrounds

Question 27 : A. who       B. when             C. which                  D. why  

Question 28            A. mitigate           B. resort    C. offer   D. worry

Question 29 A. Some        B. Others           C. Much       D. Every 

Question 30 : A. although      B. as           C. therefore     D. however  

Read the following passage and mark the letter A , B , C , or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions . two and four meters in diameter .

     Australia has always been famous for its beaches and exhilarating waves . But the ocean offers more than just a surfer's paradise : its tides are also a source of renewable energy . Among those harnessing this tidal potential is the Sydney - based company Mako Energy , which makes underwater turbines ranging between two and four meters in 

     One turbine operating in constantly flowing water can have an energy output great enough to power up to 20 homes . Their design enables them to generate electricity even in slow - flowing water , meaning they could be used in rivers . " We're developing them at a scale where they can be deployed easily in remote communities , coastal businesses , island communities and resorts , " said Douglas Hunt , managing director of Mako Energy .

     Although tidal energy is still in its infancy , it could help to reduce Australia's dependence on fossil fuels. The island nation is only beginning to explore tidal power through a small number of projects . But this form of energy has already showcased one major advantage : predictability . While the sun may not always shine and the wind may not always blow , the sea's tidal currents moves in very predictable patterns . This means that tidal energy is easily the most reliable source of renewable energy .

     However , installing tidal energy systems can be very costly . A Mako turbine costs between 20,000and20,000and 70,000 , depending on the power output and the location . Large tidal energy systems can be expensive to install . So far , Mako's customers have predominantly been large industrial and government sites , but it wants to make its turbines accessible to energy customers big and small . " Tidal turbines have been around for quite some time , but the challenge has been to build them in a more economical way , " said Hunt Reducing costs means turbines would become available to everyone , from companies to households with access to flowing water .

    There are also other challenges to overcome . One 2017 EU report points to a lack of research into the possible effects of tidal installations on marine life , and another points out high construction costs as a barrier to the deployment of tidal power worldwide .

A. their large diameters B. their special design C. their energy output Question 44 : Which best serves as the title for the passage ?

A. Worldwide Tidal Energy Systems : What Are The Challenges ?

B. Energy From Waves : Attractive But Not Without Difficulties

C. Tidal Energy : Both Expensive And Damaging To Marine Life

D. How Tidal Energy Systems Are Becoming More Accessible

Question 45 : The phrase " they " in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to..............

A. turbines         B. homes              C. rivers         D. communities

Question 46 : According to paragraph 2 , Mako Energy's turbines can work in rivers thanks to............

A. their large diameters                    C. their energy output Question

B. their special design                      D. their great scale 

Question 47 : Which is likely the reason why Mako's customers have mainly been large industrial and government sites ?

A. Because their systems do not generate enough energy for households.

B. Because tidal turbines are still a relatively new invention .

C. Because building economical tidal energy systems is simply impossible .

 D. Because it can be expensive to install tidal energy systems .

 Question 48 : The word " showcased " in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to..........

 A. announced     B. publicized         C. exhibited     D. disclosed

Question 49 : The phrase " easily " in paragraph 4 can be best replaced by............

A. effortlessly         B. smoothly           C. quickly       D. probably  

Question 50 : Which of the following is TRUE , according to the passage ?

A. Mako's turbines can power more than 20 homes when operating .

B. It will not be very easy to construct tidal energy systems in a more economical manner .

C. Tidal energy has long been researched and developed in Australia .

D. Tidal energy is unpopular because Australian households cannot access flowing water  

Read the following passage and mark the letter A , B. C , or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions .

     A world without bees would look very different and change our lives enormously . Bees are the world's most important pollinators , fertilising a third of the food we eat and 80 % of flowering plants . However , bee populations are rapidly declining around the world . Things are changing , however . Lockdowns have created a friendlier world for wild bees - and conservationists hope some of these changes could be here to stay .

   One of the biggest impacts of the global COVID - 19 shutdown has been the significant reduction in air pollution . Less fumes from cars on the road makes it easier for bees to forage , as air pollution substantially reduces the strength and longevity of floral scents , according to a 2016 study . " In a world with less air pollution , bees can make shorter and more profitable trips , " says Mark Brown , professor of evolutionary ecology at the University of London .

     Fewer cars on the roads means other benefits for bees too . The number of bee deaths is likely to fall as car journeys decrease during lockdown , Brown notes . A 2015 study by Canadian researchers estimated that 24 billion bees and wasps are killed by vehicles in North America every year .

Bee specialists also hope that people's awareness of and engagement with bees will be increased . Since travel restrictions have hampered conservationists ' efforts to gather data on how they are doing , ecologists and conservation groups have called on the wider public to help them gather scientific data about bees during this time . In the UK , for example , anyone can participate in the scheme by completing what is known as a Flower - Insect Timed Count ( FIT Count ) . This involves monitoring a small patch of flowers garden for 10 minutes , counting the number of insects you see and filling in an online form .

   But , like with all the other environmental changes we're seeing now , any long - term benefits for bees would depend on these changes being carried forward , so we can't say for sure that things will continue to improve for bees after lockdowns are liftecd . That being said , we can definitely be optimistic .

Question 39 : What is the best title for this passage ?

A. Why Do Vehicles Kill So Many Bees On Roads ?

B. A World With No Bees : What's The Difference ?

C. The Future Of Bees After Worldwide Lockdowns

D. How Bees Benefited From The Global Lockdown

Question 40 : Less car fumes makes it easier for bees to forage since

A. bees can make quicker trips   C. flowers ' longevity increases

B. floral scents can last longer     D. bees will be much stronger

Question 41 : The word " profitable " in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to

A. energetic   B. productive   C. helpful  D. rewarding 

Question 42 : Which of the following is NOT TRUE , according to the passage ?

A. The less cars there are , the less the number of bee deaths becomes .

B. Normal citizens can now assist ecologists in gathering data about bees .

C. In the FTI Count , you count the number of bees around your garden .

D. We cannot be certain about the future of bees after lockdowns are over .

Question 43 : The word " they " in paragraph 3 refers to

A. specialists           B. bees      C. conservationists        D. ecologists

Read the following passage and mark the letter A , B , C , or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions .

The World Health Organization ( WHO ) is warning young people all over the world that they are also at risk from COVID - 19 . The WHO said young people are not exempt from catching the coronavirus . Many young people (34)....... believe they will not catch the virus because of their age . They think it is a disease that only older people catch . The WHO said the truth is (35)....... young people are catching the coronavirus and becoming ill or dying from it . It added that young people are also spreading the disease to their parents , grandparents and ( 36 )...... people . The White House also urged young adults to follow advice and to avoid gathering in large groups to help prevent the spread of the virus .

The Director - General of the WHO said : " Today , I have a message for young people : You are not invincible . " He added : " This coronavirus could put you in hospital for weeks , or even kill you . Even if you don't get sick , the choices you make about where you go could be the difference between life and death for someone else . " The WHO said : " A significant proportion of patients_ ( 37 ) ......in hospital for COVID 19 around the world are aged under 50. " New York Governor Andrew Cuomo said many young people are not  (38)...... the state's social - distancing rules . He told young people that : " This is a public health issue and you cannot be endangering other peoples ' health."

Question 34 : A. really          B. mistakenly    C. strongly            D.frequently

Question 35 : A. why            B. what              C. that                   D. when

Question 36 :  A. other          B. others            C. the others       D. the other 

Question 37 :    A. to treat     B. to be treated  C. treating          D. treated

Question38 : A. following       B. doing            C. making             D. keeping

10. _____ us an apology.

A. Not once the manager offered           B. Not once did the manager offer

C. Did the manager not once offer         D. Didn’t once the manager offer

11. Only when you grow up _____ the truth.

A. you will know                  B. you know 

C. do you know                   D. will you know

12. Rarely _____ located near city lights or at lower elevations.

A. observatories are                   B. are

C. in the observatories               D. are observatories

13. Only for a short period of time _____ run at top speed.

A. cheetahs       B. do cheetahs        C. can        D. that a cheetah can

14. Not until 1856 _____ across the Mississippi River.

A. the first bridge                   B. was the first bridge built

C. the first building bridge     D. the first bridge building was

15. _____ he arrived at the bus stop when the bus came.

A. No longer has                B. No sooner had

C. Not until had                  D. Hardly had

11. The Prime Minister has hardly ever made a speech as inept as this.

Rarely_________________________________________________________12. I have never seen a man who enjoyed being lied to before.

Never before___________________________________________________ 13. I’d never seen such a gigantic fish before!

Never_________________________________________________________. 14. The police didn’t at all suspect that the judge was the murderer.

Little__________________________________________________________ . 15. It’s not common for there to be so much rain in March.

Seldom________________________________________________________ 16. I only understood the problem then.

Only__________________________________________________________ 17. The facts were not all made public until later.

Only__________________________________________________________ 18. I didn’t realize who he was until later.

Only__________________________________________________________ 19. She only felt relaxed after a few months working for him.

Only__________________________________________________________ 20. The workers only called off the strike after a new pay offer.

Only after______________________________________________________

21. _____ had she opened the cupboard door than she stood in front of it petrified.

A. No sooner B. As soon as C. Hardly D. The fact

22. Scarcely _____ out of bed when _____.

A. had I got/did the doorbell ring B. had I got/the doorbell rang C. I had got/did the doorbell ring D. I had hot/the doorbell rang

23. Little _____ how much trouble _____ in.

A. you know/are you B. you know/you are C. do you know/are you D. do you know/you are

24. On the table _____.

A. lay a yellow cat B. a yellow cat lay C. did a yellow cat lie D. a yellow cat lies

25. Such _____ that _____ whenever it was on.

A. the popularity of the film was/the streets were deserted

B. was the popularity of the film/the streets were deserted

C. the popularity of the film was/were the streets deserted

D. was the popularity of the film/were the streets deserted

26. They can neither read nor write, _____ such concepts.

A. they can nor comprehend

B. nor can they comprehend

C. nor they can comprehend

D. can they nor comprehend

27. Hardly _____ before _____.

A. had I left/did the trouble start B. had I left/the trouble started C. I had left/the trouble started D. I had left/did the trouble start

28. Only after _____.

A. the teacher understood the situations and did he make a comment

B. understanding the situation the teacher made a comment

C. the teacher understood the situation and made a comment

D. understanding the situation did the teacher make a comment

29. It was not until the doctors asked him to comment on his death _____ recognized their craziness.

A. when he B. and he C. that he D. he

30. Down _____.

A. fell half a dozen apples B. half a dozen apples fell C. did half a dozen apples fall D. half a dozen apples fall