21. To power their inventions, people have made use of natural energy sources, _______  coal, oil, water, and steam.

A. in addition to               B. as                            C. and they use           D. such as

22. ________ excellent art museums, Moscow has a world-famous baler company.

A. Because of                   B. In spite of               C. In case of                D. In addition to

23. Alex cannot express himself clearly and correctly in writing. He will never advance in his job ________ he improves his language skills.

A. otherwise                      B. if                             C. only if                     D. unless

24. ________ there was no electricity, I was able to read because I had a candle.

A. Unless                          B. Even though           C. Even                       D. Only if

25. A fire must have a readily available supply of oxygen. ________ it will stop burning.

A. Consequently               B. Furthermore            C. Otherwise               D. However

26. I studied Spanish for four years in high school. ________, I had trouble talking with people when I was traveling in Spain.

A. Therefore                                                          B. On the other hand

C. Moreover                                                          D. Nevertheless

27. I am afraid that the company is in deep trouble. ________, we are going to make some people redundant.

A. Therefore                  B. However                   C. But                            D. And

28. I like to keep the windows open at night no matter how cold it gets. My wife, ______, prefers a warm bedroom with all windows tightly shut.

A. nevertheless                  B. consequently          C. on the other hand               D. moreover

29. Some fish can survive only in salt water, ________ other species can live only in fresh water.

A. whereas                        B. unless                      C. if                             D. since

30. ________ Jason because famous, he has ignored his old friends. He shouldn’t do that.

A. If                                  B. Ever since               C. Even though           D. Due to

11. The professor told me that I was doing well, ________ my final grade was awful!

A. so                                  B. therefore                 C. in spite of               D. yet

12. ________ Beth has a new car, she no longer takes the commuter train to work. She drives to work every day.

A. Now that                      B. While                      C. Although                D. In case

13.  You’d better give me your answer quickly, ________ I’ll withdraw the invitation.

A. although                       B. nevertheless            C. even though            D. or else

14. What time do you expect Ted to be home? I must talk to him. I usually go to bed around ten, but tell him to call me tonight ________ it’s past midnight.

A. however                       B. in case                     C. even if                    D. as long as

15. ____ you’re going to the fruit market, would you please pick up a few apples for me?

A. Even if                          B. Although                C. So                           D. As long as

16. I guess I’m a soft touch. I just lent Jan some money for lunch ________ she never paid me back my last loan.

A. even though                 B. unless                      C. or else                     D. only if

17. I think I did okay in my speech last night _____ I’d had almost no sleep for 24 hours.

A. even                              B. in spite of               C. unless          D. despite the fact that

18. I asked Angela to run the office while I’m gone _______ I know I can depend on her.

A. unless                           B. since                       C. although                 D. therefore

19. ________ I heard the telephone ring, I didn’t answer it.

A. Because                        B. Only if                    C. Even though           D. Provided that

20. ________ the salary meets my expectations. I will accept the job offer.

A. Due to                          B. Even if                    C. Provided that          D. Unless

11.     I couldn't unlock it_______ I had the wrong key.

          a. when                       b. while                    c. so as                       d. because

12.     He had to take photos of the places he visits. _______, he's writing a report of his journey.

          a. In addition             b. Because               c. However                d. And

13.     He thought the talk was fascinating. His friend, _______ fell asleep halfway through it.

          a. although                 b. nevertheless        c. however                 d. b or c

14.     Olivia booked a babysitter_______ she could go our for the evening.

          a. so that                    b. but                        c. so                            d. hence

15.     _______ we had got ton the plane, it started to rain.

          a. If                             b. While                   c. Before                    d. As soon as

16.     Jane has a computer, _______ she doesn't use it.

          a. and                          b. since                     c. but                          d. in spite of

17.     It was cloudy. _______, the photos came out very bad.

          a. Result                     b. As a result           c. However                d. But

18.     You should bring an umbrella_______ it rains.

          a. if                             b. unless                   c. in case                    d. because of

19.     Mark heard the news on the radio_______ he was driving home.

          a. while                      b. as                          c. until                        d. a or b

20.     Everyone thought she would accept the offer_______, she turned it down.

          a. However                b. So                         c. Too                         d. Moreover

1.       We decided not to go out for a meal_______ we were simply too tired.

          a. but                          b. if                           c. because                  d. unless

2.       Have you really go not money_______ the fact that you've had a part time job this term?

          a. although                 b. in spite of            c. because of             d. in case

3.       We've been thinking about nothing else_______ we bought our plane tickets.

          a. until                        b. since                     c. so                            d. after

4.       I'd go way somewhere_______ I could afford to.

          a. if                             b. in case                  c. as                            d. but

5.       Wicky and I will be off to France_______ this term is over

          a. for                           b. as                          c. as soon as              d. in spite of

6.       We took lots of photos. We videoed the speeches_______

          a. but also                  b. however               c. as well                    d. in addition

7.       We're going to buy a special ticket_______ we can go anywhere we like on the way.

          a. as if                         b. since                     c. in order                  d. so that

8.       I'm not sure a thank you letter is really necessary. _______, I can't be bothered to write one.

          a. And                        b. or                          c. As                           d. Anyway

9.       It was a terrible journey. _______, we got there safely in the end.

          a. Still                         b. Besides                c. Moreover               d. If

10.     It's a lovely day, isn't it? Yes, beautiful_______ have you seen John?

          a. However                b. by the way           c. But                          d. nevertheless

11.     He stole, not_______ he wanted the money, _______ because he liked stealing.

          a. for/ but                   b. because/ but        c. although/ however   d. because/ and

12.     Not everybody thinks the building is ugly_______, some people say it looks marvelous.

          a. On the contrary    b. Because               c. Although                d. Since

13.     Business has been very bad this year_______, we have  had to close one of our factories.

          a. consequently        b. as a result            c. but                          d. a or b

14.     Take a map with you _______ you lose your way.

          a. if                             b. in case                  c. so that                    d. so

15.     The play was very boring, _______ they walked out.

          a. so                            b. if                           c. when                       d. while

16.     She'll only do the job_______ you pay he more.

          a. unless                     b. after                      c. if                             d. as

17.     He hasn't written to us_______ he left.

          a. when                       b. for                         c. because                  d. since

18.     I never take and umbrella_______ it's raining heavily.

          a. unless                     b. if                           c. otherwise               d. or

19.     He got a new alarm clock_______ he'd get up on time.

          a. because                  b. and                       c. so that                    d. so

20.     He agreed to go climbing_______ he hated heights.

            a. despite       b. in spite of  c. so    d. although

1.       _______ we lived in town, we often went to the theater

          a. After                       b. When                   c. For                          d. Or

2.       He took the food eagerly, _______ he had eaten nothing since dawn.

          a. if                             b. in case                  c. but                          d. for

3.       _______ the sun rose, the fog dispersed.

          a. As                           b. When                   c. Before                    d. After

4.       _______ a married man, he has to think of his family.

          a. If                             b. As                         c. or                            d. so

5.       Tired_______ he was, he offered to carry her.

          a. as                            b. though                  c. Although                d. however

6.       Some people waste food_______ others don't have enough.

          a. as                            b. in case                  c. while                      d. before

7.       _______ she came to know him better, she relied on him more.

          a. While                     b. Because of           c. Though                   d. As

8.       _______ I sympathize with your point of view, I cannot accept it.

          a. While                     b. Although             c. But                          d. a or b

9.       How can you expect your children to be truthful_______ you yourself tell lies?

          a. when                       b. therefore              c. because                  d. since

10.     Strong_______ he was, he couldn't lift it.

          a. like                         b. as                          c. or                            d. and

11.     It was very wet_______ I decided not to go

          a. and                          b. but                        c. or                            d. so

12.     He is very fond of music_______ reading.

          a. as                            b. as well                  c. as well as               d. as good as

13.     I told him to come at three _______ to bring his wife with him.

          a. also                         b. and also               c. so                            d. too

14.     Our opponents have e very good team; _______ there is no need for us to lose hope.

          a. and                          b. therefore              c. moreover               d. however

15.     I'll offer it to Tom _______, he may not want it.

          a. Even though          b. As                         c. When                      d. However

16.     There is fog at Heathrow; the plane, _______, has been diverted.

          a. otherwise               b. so                          c. therefore                d. or

17.     He says he will pay; I don't think he will, _______

          a. though                    b. even though        c. in case                    d. but

18.     They are ugly and expensive, _______ people buy them.

          a. Already                  b. Yet                        c. Thus                       d. Hence

19.     You aren't rich; _______, you could do something to help him.

          a. yet                           b. still                       c. for                           d. but

20.     _______ the severe weather conditions all the cars completed the course.

          a. In spite                   b. Despite                c. However                d. Yet

1.       The examination was very difficult, _______ very few were able to pass.

          a. consequently        b. as well as             c. on the hand            d. whereas

2.       We know_______ him and his wife.

          a. either                      b. neither                 c. both                        d. as well

3.       You can send letters from Hongkong_______ by Suez or by Canada.

          a. either                      b. neither                 c. both                        d. as well

4.       There as no one there; _______ I went away.

          a. and                          b. but                        c. or                            d. so

5.       He was very young and had no experience of that type of work he was not given the post.

          a. and                          b. but                        c. or                            d. therefore

6.       He has to pay a fine of $10, _______ he had to spend 10 days in prison

          a. or else                    b. while                    c. whereas                  d. however

7.       He is very cleaver and wins all the prizes _______ his brother never seems to know a thing.

          a. and                          b. while                    c. therefore                d. or

8.       You must tell him where you are going_______ when you will be back

          a. and both                 b. and as well          c. and also                 d. and too

9.       He was the best in class at Maths and English; _______ he was the best footballer in the school.

          a. moreover               b. however               c. or                            d. so

10.     Geography is a very interesting subject; _______ very few people study it thoroughly.

          a. and                          b. however               c. or                            d. so

11.     _______ his poor English, he managed to communicate his problem very clearly.

          a. Although                b. Even though        c. though                    d. In spite of

12.     He is saving_______ he can go on vacation.

          a. so that                    b. so                          c. unless                     d. that

13.     The flight was canceled_______ the weather conditions were bad.

          a. because of             b. due to the fact that                                 c. thanks d. that

14.     Pheasants spend most of their time on the ground, _______ many species perch in trees at night.

          a. as well as               b. in spite of            c. because                  d. although

15.     Natural fiber comes from_______ animal or plant.

          a. either                      b. otherwise             c. or                            d. thus

16.     _______ Marge, three couples are invited

          a. Addition                b. Besides                c. Next                        d. Moreover

17.     All of the students_______ the seniors will receive their grades in two weeks.

          a. but                          b. except                  c. and                          d. a or b

18.     It was still painful, _______ I went to see a doctor.

          a. but                          b. or                          c. so                            d. however

19.     _______ pipelines are expensive to build, they are relatively cheap to operate and maintain.

          a. Because                 b. That                      c. Although                d. Despite

20.     He felt ill_______ he went to bed early.

          a. and                          b. but                        c. or                            d. so

1.       We should be firm_______ patient in this case.

          a. and                          b. or                          c. in stead of              d. rather

2.       _______ food we eat lacks minerals, then the body an use the stores from its bones for more urgent needs.

          a. As the                     b. If the                    c. The                         d. Since

3.       It sounds like something wrong with the car's engine_______, we'd better take it to the garage immediately.

          a. Otherwise              b. Without it            c. If not                      d. If so

4.       We didn't go to Paris. We went to Rome_______

          a. also                         b. but also                c. instead                   d. instead of

5.       No one _______ Kathy knows very much about it.

          a. and                          b. as                          c. but                          d. however

6.       Some birds, _______ robins and cardinals, spend their winter in the North.

          a. as                            b. such as                 c. and                          d. likely

7.       Galaxies are composed of millions of individual stars_______ are so far away that they appear as single pints of light.

          a. but they                  b. they                      c. in spite of               d. contrary

8.       Internet is a very fast_______ convenient way for us to get information.

          a. and                          b. or                          c. therefore                d. but

9.       It's raining, _______ I can't go to the beach.

          a. so                            b. or                          c. but                          d. and

10.     An effective paragraph must _______ be unified and ordered but also complete.

          a. in addition             b. either                    c. not only                 d. as well