1. I suddenly remembered where I’d left my keys while I was waiting for the bus.

=> Waiting.....................................................................................................................................................

2. I slipped because I was trying to run in the rain.

=> Trying.......................................................................................................................................................

3. I felt quite sorry for Tim when I saw him cry.

=> Seeing........................................................................................................................................................

4. John was depressed because he knew he was going to fail the exam.

=> Being...........................................................................................................................................................

5. Georgia didn’t know any Japanese, so she used a phrase book when she was there.

=>Not...............................................................................................................................................................

6. The reason why I’m quite good at basketball is that I’m quite tall.

=> Being...........................................................................................................................................................

7. Ed can afford three holidays abroad each year because he has a lot of money.

=> Having.........................................................................................................................................................

8. Maria began to worry when she realized she was lost.

=> Realizing......................................................................................................................................................

VI. Tick (v) the correct sentences. If a sentence is incorrect, rewrite it correctly

1. Looking through the window, a plane was passing overhead.

2. Realizing that it was late, I ran all the way home.

3. Having examined me, I was given a prescription by the doctor.

4. Turning on the television, the news reader said there had been an explosion.

5. Dropping the shopping bags on the kitchen floor, Mrs Moorcroft sighed and sat down heavily

6. Having practiced the piano, I decided to call one of my friends.

VI. Tick (v) the correct sentences. If a sentence is incorrect, rewrite it correctly

1. Looking through the window, a plane was passing overhead.

2. Realizing that it was late, I ran all the way home.

3. Having examined me, I was given a prescription by the doctor.

4. Turning on the television, the news reader said there had been an explosion.

5. Dropping the shopping bags on the kitchen floor, Mrs Moorcroft sighed and sat down heavily

6. Having practiced the piano, I decided to call one of my friends.

1. I suddenly remembered where I’d left my keys while I was waiting for the bus.

=> Waiting.....................................................................................................................................................

2. I slipped because I was trying to run in the rain.

=> Trying.......................................................................................................................................................

3. I felt quite sorry for Tim when I saw him cry.

=> Seeing........................................................................................................................................................

4. John was depressed because he knew he was going to fail the exam.

=> Being...........................................................................................................................................................

5. Georgia didn’t know any Japanese, so she used a phrase book when she was there.

=>Not...............................................................................................................................................................

6. The reason why I’m quite good at basketball is that I’m quite tall.

=> Being...........................................................................................................................................................

7. Ed can afford three holidays abroad each year because he has a lot of money.

=> Having.........................................................................................................................................................

8. Maria began to worry when she realized she was lost.

=> Realizing......................................................................................................................................................

IV. Underline the correct word or phrase in each sentence

1. Before meeting/met Harriet, I never knew what real love was.

2. I’m sure that after passing/passed your exam, you will feel a lot better.

3. Having finishing/finished the letter, Peter printed it out.

4. Looking/Looked through the window, I saw a strange man at the door.

5. I cooked dinner and, doing/having done that, I sat down to watch TV.

6. Hearing/Heard a noise outside, Janice went to investigate.

7. Having lost/Losing my notes, I couldn’t revise properly for the test.

8. Having been/Being quite intelligent, Matt, hopes to get into a good university.

9. Having missed/Missing the start of the film, I decided not to bother watching the rest of it.

10. After making/made her bed, Cherie had a shower.

III: Reduced relative clauses (Participial Phrases) Rewrite these sentences changing the relative clause to a participial phrase.

1. The expression “test tube baby,” which refers to a baby whose existence began outside its mother’s body, is missleading.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. The doctors who developed the procedure called it “in vitro fertilization”.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. In the future, the process of in vitro fertilization will be perfected, which will allow hundreds of childless couples to become parents.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. Doctors in the United States, who are just now learning about the procedure, haven’t fully mastered the technique.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. In early 1981, doctors in the United States performed the procedure on a woman who wanted to have a child.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. The woman’s physicians, who didn’t know if they would be successful, would not release her name to the press.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. The technique of in vitro fertilization, which was developed by a team of British physicians, is very complex.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

8. An egg that is removed from the woman’s ovary is fertilized by sperm in a laboratory dish.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

9. The procedure of in vitro fertilization, which is now being tried out in the United States, has created considerable controversy.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………...

10. Ethical questions that are being raised concern the increasing power of scientists to manipulate life.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

II. Use Relative pronouns in Phrases of Quantity to combine each pair of the sentences below

1. The students wrote a letter of protest to the Dean. Half of the students had received a failing grade in chemistry.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. The State of Nevada has very little agriculture. Most of the state is desert land.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. At our school’s annual international fair, I ate a lot of native foods. I had not tasted some of the food before.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. Humphrey Bogart made many films. One of the films was Casablanca.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. She has seven brothers and two sisters. One of them is the head of the family.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

I. Use a Relative pronoun preceded by a preposition to combine each pair of sentences below:

1. She was dancing with a student. He had a slight limp.

.............................................................................................................................................................

2. The bed has no mattress. I sleep on this bed.

.............................................................................................................................................................

3. There wasn’t any directory in the telephone box. I was phoning from this box.

.............................................................................................................................................................

4. The examination lasted two days. I was successful in this examination.

.............................................................................................................................................................

5. The firm is sending me to York. I work for this firm.

.............................................................................................................................................................

I. Complete using the correct form of the words in brackets

No sooner (1)…………….(I/start) working at Taylforth Nielsen, the computer company, than I realised it was the perfect opportunity for my hobby: hacking! Don’t get me wrong. At no point (2)……………(I/have) ever stolen anything! I do it for the challenge. Not only (3)……………(I/like) proving I can do it, but sometimes (4)…………..(it/help) a company to build a better security system. Rarely (5)…………..(they/see) it like that, of course. I decided I would see if I could break into the Grand Bank system. Little (6)………….(I/realise) what was waiting for me.

The second day of working there, hardly (7)…………….(everyone else/leave) when I started to try simple passwords. Seldom (8)……………(this/is) enough, though. You usually have to work much harder than that. Not until midnight (9)…………..(I/get) access to the Grand Bank system. Hardly (10)…………(I/have) time to look around the system when the door to my office flew open, and three men rushed in. Only when (11)…………(they/show) me their ID (12)…………….(I/realise) that it was the police. They had been expecting something like this and had traced my computer! Not only (13)…………..(I/be fired), but (14)………….(they/keep) all my computer records, too. Maybe it’s time to find another hobby.

I. Write one word in each gap

1. Such a long way ……..it that we decided to go by train.

2. So badly…………I play chess that I almost never agree to have a game.

3. Pupils are expected to behave politely, as……………members of staff.

4. So tired……………I that I decided to lie down for a while.

5. Such a threat to society……………you that I have no choice but to send you to prison.

6. So cold………..it last winter that all our pipes froze.

7. Calculators are banned from the examining room, as……………..dictionaries and handheld computers.

8. I have been having very strange dreams lately, as…………my twin sister.