Unit 5

Read the passage and choose the best answer.

Clean, Convenient, and Cheap

Big cities like New York and London have a lot of great things. They have museums, parks, shopping centres, and a huge variety of restaurants. However, there are a lot of annoying things in big cities. The most common problems are air pollution and noise.

Traffic is the main cause of air pollution and noise. For example, drivers in New York are famous for honking their horns and shouting. That noise drives many visitors crazy - it even drives a lot of the locals crazy, too. Other big cities have similar problems with their traffic.

City governments have a lot of pressure to solve these problems. The most common solution is public transportation. Public transportation is a form of travel provided by the government. For example, New York's biggest form of public transportation is the subway.

Public transportation helps reduce these problems, but it is not enough. Another solution is bicycle sharing. This is a system that provides cheap bicycles. In cities that have bicycle sharing programmes, there are spots that have parked public bikes. People borrow the bikes and use them. They can drop off the bike at the same spot where they borrowed it, or they can drop it off at another spot.

Bicycle sharing programmes are different in each city. In some cities, the bikes are completely free. They are not even locked. In other cities, you have to pay a small deposit. You get the deposit back when you return the bike. In still other cities, you need to have a membership with the bicycle sharing programme. Once you have a membership with the bicycle sharing programme, you can use a bike at any time you want.

Bicycle sharing is hugely popular all over the world. People love this system because it is cheap, clean, and easy to use. There are bicycle sharing systems in dozens of countries and hundreds of cities. In total, there are more than 530 bicycle sharing systems around the world. and that number is going up all the time.

All of the following are the advantages of bicycle sharing EXCEPT that____

1. it does not pollute the air at all.
2. it's a cheap means of transport.
3. it is also convenient.
4. it can be found in any city.

Read the passage and choose the best answer.

Clean, Convenient, and Cheap

Big cities like New York and London have a lot of great things. They have museums, parks, shopping centres, and a huge variety of restaurants. However, there are a lot of annoying things in big cities. The most common problems are air pollution and noise.

Traffic is the main cause of air pollution and noise. For example, drivers in New York are famous for honking their horns and shouting. That noise drives many visitors crazy - it even drives a lot of the locals crazy, too. Other big cities have similar problems with their traffic.

City governments have a lot of pressure to solve these problems. The most common solution is public transportation. Public transportation is a form of travel provided by the government. For example, New York's biggest form of public transportation is the subway.

Public transportation helps reduce these problems, but it is not enough. Another solution is bicycle sharing. This is a system that provides cheap bicycles. In cities that have bicycle sharing programmes, there are spots that have parked public bikes. People borrow the bikes and use them. They can drop off the bike at the same spot where they borrowed it, or they can drop it off at another spot.

Bicycle sharing programmes are different in each city. In some cities, the bikes are completely free. They are not even locked. In other cities, you have to pay a small deposit. You get the deposit back when you return the bike. In still other cities, you need to have a membership with the bicycle sharing programme. Once you have a membership with the bicycle sharing programme, you can use a bike at any time you want.

Bicycle sharing is hugely popular all over the world. People love this system because it is cheap, clean, and easy to use. There are bicycle sharing systems in dozens of countries and hundreds of cities. In total, there are more than 530 bicycle sharing systems around the world. and that number is going up all the time.

What does the last sentence of the fifth paragraph mean?

1. If you don't have a membership, you can still use a bike.
2. After you have a membership, you can use a bike at any time.
3. If you have a membership, you can use a bike but only during the day.
4. It is very hard to get a membership.

Read the passage and choose the best answer.

Clean, Convenient, and Cheap

Big cities like New York and London have a lot of great things. They have museums, parks, shopping centres, and a huge variety of restaurants. However, there are a lot of annoying things in big cities. The most common problems are air pollution and noise.

Traffic is the main cause of air pollution and noise. For example, drivers in New York are famous for honking their horns and shouting. That noise drives many visitors crazy - it even drives a lot of the locals crazy, too. Other big cities have similar problems with their traffic.

City governments have a lot of pressure to solve these problems. The most common solution is public transportation. Public transportation is a form of travel provided by the government. For example, New York's biggest form of public transportation is the subway.

Public transportation helps reduce these problems, but it is not enough. Another solution is bicycle sharing. This is a system that provides cheap bicycles. In cities that have bicycle sharing programmes, there are spots that have parked public bikes. People borrow the bikes and use them. They can drop off the bike at the same spot where they borrowed it, or they can drop it off at another spot.

Bicycle sharing programmes are different in each city. In some cities, the bikes are completely free. They are not even locked. In other cities, you have to pay a small deposit. You get the deposit back when you return the bike. In still other cities, you need to have a membership with the bicycle sharing programme. Once you have a membership with the bicycle sharing programme, you can use a bike at any time you want.

Bicycle sharing is hugely popular all over the world. People love this system because it is cheap, clean, and easy to use. There are bicycle sharing systems in dozens of countries and hundreds of cities. In total, there are more than 530 bicycle sharing systems around the world. and that number is going up all the time.

Who would probably most be interested in bicycle sharing?

1. A student who stays on a campus and enjoys exercise
2. A person who often travels short distances and enjoys exercise
3. A postman who delivers mail and parcels in the countryside
4. A sportsman who is going to take part in a cycling race

Read the passage and choose the best answer.

Clean, Convenient, and Cheap

Big cities like New York and London have a lot of great things. They have museums, parks, shopping centres, and a huge variety of restaurants. However, there are a lot of annoying things in big cities. The most common problems are air pollution and noise.

Traffic is the main cause of air pollution and noise. For example, drivers in New York are famous for honking their horns and shouting. That noise drives many visitors crazy - it even drives a lot of the locals crazy, too. Other big cities have similar problems with their traffic.

City governments have a lot of pressure to solve these problems. The most common solution is public transportation. Public transportation is a form of travel provided by the government. For example, New York's biggest form of public transportation is the subway.

Public transportation helps reduce these problems, but it is not enough. Another solution is bicycle sharing. This is a system that provides cheap bicycles. In cities that have bicycle sharing programmes, there are spots that have parked public bikes. People borrow the bikes and use them. They can drop off the bike at the same spot where they borrowed it, or they can drop it off at another spot.

Bicycle sharing programmes are different in each city. In some cities, the bikes are completely free. They are not even locked. In other cities, you have to pay a small deposit. You get the deposit back when you return the bike. In still other cities, you need to have a membership with the bicycle sharing programme. Once you have a membership with the bicycle sharing programme, you can use a bike at any time you want.

Bicycle sharing is hugely popular all over the world. People love this system because it is cheap, clean, and easy to use. There are bicycle sharing systems in dozens of countries and hundreds of cities. In total, there are more than 530 bicycle sharing systems around the world. and that number is going up all the time.

The phrase “drop off” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to __________.

1. leave
2. forget
3. leave out
4. stop

Read the passage and choose the best answer.

Clean, Convenient, and Cheap

Big cities like New York and London have a lot of great things. They have museums, parks, shopping centres, and a huge variety of restaurants. However, there are a lot of annoying things in big cities. The most common problems are air pollution and noise.

Traffic is the main cause of air pollution and noise. For example, drivers in New York are famous for honking their horns and shouting. That noise drives many visitors crazy - it even drives a lot of the locals crazy, too. Other big cities have similar problems with their traffic.

City governments have a lot of pressure to solve these problems. The most common solution is public transportation. Public transportation is a form of travel provided by the government. For example, New York's biggest form of public transportation is the subway.

Public transportation helps reduce these problems, but it is not enough. Another solution is bicycle sharing. This is a system that provides cheap bicycles. In cities that have bicycle sharing programmes, there are spots that have parked public bikes. People borrow the bikes and use them. They can drop off the bike at the same spot where they borrowed it, or they can drop it off at another spot.

Bicycle sharing programmes are different in each city. In some cities, the bikes are completely free. They are not even locked. In other cities, you have to pay a small deposit. You get the deposit back when you return the bike. In still other cities, you need to have a membership with the bicycle sharing programme. Once you have a membership with the bicycle sharing programme, you can use a bike at any time you want.

Bicycle sharing is hugely popular all over the world. People love this system because it is cheap, clean, and easy to use. There are bicycle sharing systems in dozens of countries and hundreds of cities. In total, there are more than 530 bicycle sharing systems around the world. and that number is going up all the time.

What is the main idea of the passage?

1. Bicycle sharing
2. Public transportation
3. Air pollution in big cities
4. Spots for public bikes

Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.

Viet Nam Likely to Face Extreme Weather Conditions by 2050

Viet Nam is likely to continue facing extreme weather conditions such as higher temperatures, lower summer rainfalls, stronger storms, and rising sea levels from now to 2050. Temperatures in northern Viet Nam will rise by between 0.83 degrees Celsius by 2050 and continue its uptrend during the late 21st century. Summer rainfall will decline in most areas. Meanwhile, storms may become rarer but fiercer, causing possible flash floods and landslides in flood-prone areas of northern mountainous, central and central highland provinces. The forecasts suggest sea level rises of 100mm - 400mm along the entire Vietnamese coast by the end of the 21st century, affecting marine biodiversity and coastal communities. The experts emphasize the unpredictability of climate change and its potential impacts to create a variety of dangerous extreme weather events in the future.

To raise the public awareness of climate change impacts, the Vietnamese government urges concerned agencies to work together on devising worst-case scenario models and responses by 2020 and calls on international experts to further support Viet Nam in climate change adaptation. Climate change is a real threat to Viet Nam’s socio-economic development. If sea levels rose one meter, five percent of the country’s land, eleven percent of its population and seven percent of its farmland would be affected.

By 2050, Viet Nam continues facing all of these extreme weather conditions EXCEPT _______.

1. higher temperatures
2. storms reaching record levels
3. lower summer rainfalls
4. rising sea levels

Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.

Viet Nam Likely to Face Extreme Weather Conditions by 2050

Viet Nam is likely to continue facing extreme weather conditions such as higher temperatures, lower summer rainfalls, stronger storms, and rising sea levels from now to 2050. Temperatures in northern Viet Nam will rise by between 0.83 degrees Celsius by 2050 and continue its uptrend during the late 21st century. Summer rainfall will decline in most areas. Meanwhile, storms may become rarer but fiercer, causing possible flash floods and landslides in flood-prone areas of northern mountainous, central and central highland provinces. The forecasts suggest sea level rises of 100mm - 400mm along the entire Vietnamese coast by the end of the 21st century, affecting marine biodiversity and coastal communities. The experts emphasize the unpredictability of climate change and its potential impacts to create a variety of dangerous extreme weather events in the future.

To raise the public awareness of climate change impacts, the Vietnamese government urges concerned agencies to work together on devising worst-case scenario models and responses by 2020 and calls on international experts to further support Viet Nam in climate change adaptation. Climate change is a real threat to Viet Nam’s socio-economic development. If sea levels rose one meter, five percent of the country’s land, eleven percent of its population and seven percent of its farmland would be affected.

Sea level rises along the entire Vietnamese coast by the end of the 21st century will ______.

1. cause certain flash floods and landslides in flood-prone areas
2. make temperatures in northern Vietnam rise until 2050
3. make storms become rarer but fiercer in the near future
4. have impacts on marine biodiversity and coastal communities

Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.

Viet Nam Likely to Face Extreme Weather Conditions by 2050

Viet Nam is likely to continue facing extreme weather conditions such as higher temperatures, lower summer rainfalls, stronger storms, and rising sea levels from now to 2050. Temperatures in northern Viet Nam will rise by between 0.83 degrees Celsius by 2050 and continue its uptrend during the late 21st century. Summer rainfall will decline in most areas. Meanwhile, storms may become rarer but fiercer, causing possible flash floods and landslides in flood-prone areas of northern mountainous, central and central highland provinces. The forecasts suggest sea level rises of 100mm - 400mm along the entire Vietnamese coast by the end of the 21st century, affecting marine biodiversity and coastal communities. The experts emphasize the unpredictability of climate change and its potential impacts to create a variety of dangerous extreme weather events in the future.

To raise the public awareness of climate change impacts, the Vietnamese government urges concerned agencies to work together on devising worst-case scenario models and responses by 2020 and calls on international experts to further support Viet Nam in climate change adaptation. Climate change is a real threat to Viet Nam’s socio-economic development. If sea levels rose one meter, five percent of the country’s land, eleven percent of its population and seven percent of its farmland would be affected.

To experts, they ______ to predict exactly the model of the climate change and its potential impacts.

1. are unable
2. are likely
3. are certain
4. are surprised

Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.

Viet Nam Likely to Face Extreme Weather Conditions by 2050

Viet Nam is likely to continue facing extreme weather conditions such as higher temperatures, lower summer rainfalls, stronger storms, and rising sea levels from now to 2050. Temperatures in northern Viet Nam will rise by between 0.83 degrees Celsius by 2050 and continue its uptrend during the late 21st century. Summer rainfall will decline in most areas. Meanwhile, storms may become rarer but fiercer, causing possible flash floods and landslides in flood-prone areas of northern mountainous, central and central highland provinces. The forecasts suggest sea level rises of 100mm - 400mm along the entire Vietnamese coast by the end of the 21st century, affecting marine biodiversity and coastal communities. The experts emphasize the unpredictability of climate change and its potential impacts to create a variety of dangerous extreme weather events in the future.

To raise the public awareness of climate change impacts, the Vietnamese government urges concerned agencies to work together on devising worst-case scenario models and responses by 2020 and calls on international experts to further support Viet Nam in climate change adaptation. Climate change is a real threat to Viet Nam’s socio-economic development. If sea levels rose one meter, five percent of the country’s land, eleven percent of its population and seven percent of its farmland would be affected.

Viet Nam needs ______.

1. to recognize Viet Nam’s socio-economic development in the future
2. to calculate sea level rise, loss of farmland, and rise in population by 2020
3. to raise people’s awareness of climate change and to ask for foreign help
4. to recognize the percentage of farmland which would be affected by its population

Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.

Viet Nam Likely to Face Extreme Weather Conditions by 2050

Viet Nam is likely to continue facing extreme weather conditions such as higher temperatures, lower summer rainfalls, stronger storms, and rising sea levels from now to 2050. Temperatures in northern Viet Nam will rise by between 0.83 degrees Celsius by 2050 and continue its uptrend during the late 21st century. Summer rainfall will decline in most areas. Meanwhile, storms may become rarer but fiercer, causing possible flash floods and landslides in flood-prone areas of northern mountainous, central and central highland provinces. The forecasts suggest sea level rises of 100mm - 400mm along the entire Vietnamese coast by the end of the 21st century, affecting marine biodiversity and coastal communities. The experts emphasize the unpredictability of climate change and its potential impacts to create a variety of dangerous extreme weather events in the future.

To raise the public awareness of climate change impacts, the Vietnamese government urges concerned agencies to work together on devising worst-case scenario models and responses by 2020 and calls on international experts to further support Viet Nam in climate change adaptation. Climate change is a real threat to Viet Nam’s socio-economic development. If sea levels rose one meter, five percent of the country’s land, eleven percent of its population and seven percent of its farmland would be affected.

The word “worst-case scenario models” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ______. 

1. the worst scenes that could occur
2. the worst climate change impacts that will happen
3. the worst possible things that could happen
4. the worst unpredictability of climate change

Read the passage below and choose one correct answer for each question.

Global warming and cooling have occurred naturally throughout history. But in the last 200 years, humans’ uses of fossil fuels and clear cutting of forests have increased the amount of carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere. These gases trap some of the radiation from the sun which then increases the Earth’s temperature. Given the current state of environmental pollution caused by human activities, scientists believe the average temperature of the earth may increase 1-2 degrees Celsius which put simply, means some places will get much hotter and some much colder. At the same time, this overall warming effect means more frequent and more intense weather systems, especially in terms of flooding and drought.    

Viet Nam is one of the most vulnerable environments due to its location on the planet. It is already subject to some of the earth’s most powerful weather systems and the increased frequency and intensity of storms will affect it often and directly, especially in coastal areas where most people live. Various estimates have been made as to the possible impacts. The most directly affected sector will be agriculture, which is very sensitive to flooding and the effects of extreme weather.

Viet Nam has the advantage of coming relatively late into the industrialization, urbanization, and modernization process. This means it can avoid many of the mistakes made by wealthier industrial countries. For example, wireless communication networks can be built from the start rather than installing lines that can easily be destroyed in extreme weather. Cities can be designed and located in less vulnerable locations. Climate-friendly building codes and standards can be created that are both more efficient and less prone to heat stress, wind damage, and flooding. Climate friendly transport systems, especially public transport, can be adopted.

The causes of global warming come from _________.

1. the rise in the radiation from the sun
2. human activities that result in pollution
3. the difference in temperatures among regions
4. the increase in the average temperature of the earth

Read the passage below and choose one correct answer for each question.

Global warming and cooling have occurred naturally throughout history. But in the last 200 years, humans’ uses of fossil fuels and clear cutting of forests have increased the amount of carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere. These gases trap some of the radiation from the sun which then increases the Earth’s temperature. Given the current state of environmental pollution caused by human activities, scientists believe the average temperature of the earth may increase 1-2 degrees Celsius which put simply, means some places will get much hotter and some much colder. At the same time, this overall warming effect means more frequent and more intense weather systems, especially in terms of flooding and drought.    

Viet Nam is one of the most vulnerable environments due to its location on the planet. It is already subject to some of the earth’s most powerful weather systems and the increased frequency and intensity of storms will affect it often and directly, especially in coastal areas where most people live. Various estimates have been made as to the possible impacts. The most directly affected sector will be agriculture, which is very sensitive to flooding and the effects of extreme weather.

Viet Nam has the advantage of coming relatively late into the industrialization, urbanization, and modernization process. This means it can avoid many of the mistakes made by wealthier industrial countries. For example, wireless communication networks can be built from the start rather than installing lines that can easily be destroyed in extreme weather. Cities can be designed and located in less vulnerable locations. Climate-friendly building codes and standards can be created that are both more efficient and less prone to heat stress, wind damage, and flooding. Climate friendly transport systems, especially public transport, can be adopted.

All of the following may result in global warming EXCEPT   ______.

1. more intense weather systems
2. humans’ uses of fossil fuels
3. clear cutting of forests
4. the increasing greenhouse gas emissions

Read the passage below and choose one correct answer for each question.

Global warming and cooling have occurred naturally throughout history. But in the last 200 years, humans’ uses of fossil fuels and clear cutting of forests have increased the amount of carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere. These gases trap some of the radiation from the sun which then increases the Earth’s temperature. Given the current state of environmental pollution caused by human activities, scientists believe the average temperature of the earth may increase 1-2 degrees Celsius which put simply, means some places will get much hotter and some much colder. At the same time, this overall warming effect means more frequent and more intense weather systems, especially in terms of flooding and drought.    

Viet Nam is one of the most vulnerable environments due to its location on the planet. It is already subject to some of the earth’s most powerful weather systems and the increased frequency and intensity of storms will affect it often and directly, especially in coastal areas where most people live. Various estimates have been made as to the possible impacts. The most directly affected sector will be agriculture, which is very sensitive to flooding and the effects of extreme weather.

Viet Nam has the advantage of coming relatively late into the industrialization, urbanization, and modernization process. This means it can avoid many of the mistakes made by wealthier industrial countries. For example, wireless communication networks can be built from the start rather than installing lines that can easily be destroyed in extreme weather. Cities can be designed and located in less vulnerable locations. Climate-friendly building codes and standards can be created that are both more efficient and less prone to heat stress, wind damage, and flooding. Climate friendly transport systems, especially public transport, can be adopted.

Coastal areas in Viet Nam are often and directly affected by______          .

1. its vulnerable location on the planet
2. subject to the earth’s most powerful weather systems
3. storms with increased frequency and power
4. the overpopulation in coastal areas

Read the passage below and choose one correct answer for each question.

Global warming and cooling have occurred naturally throughout history. But in the last 200 years, humans’ uses of fossil fuels and clear cutting of forests have increased the amount of carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere. These gases trap some of the radiation from the sun which then increases the Earth’s temperature. Given the current state of environmental pollution caused by human activities, scientists believe the average temperature of the earth may increase 1-2 degrees Celsius which put simply, means some places will get much hotter and some much colder. At the same time, this overall warming effect means more frequent and more intense weather systems, especially in terms of flooding and drought.    

Viet Nam is one of the most vulnerable environments due to its location on the planet. It is already subject to some of the earth’s most powerful weather systems and the increased frequency and intensity of storms will affect it often and directly, especially in coastal areas where most people live. Various estimates have been made as to the possible impacts. The most directly affected sector will be agriculture, which is very sensitive to flooding and the effects of extreme weather.

Viet Nam has the advantage of coming relatively late into the industrialization, urbanization, and modernization process. This means it can avoid many of the mistakes made by wealthier industrial countries. For example, wireless communication networks can be built from the start rather than installing lines that can easily be destroyed in extreme weather. Cities can be designed and located in less vulnerable locations. Climate-friendly building codes and standards can be created that are both more efficient and less prone to heat stress, wind damage, and flooding. Climate friendly transport systems, especially public transport, can be adopted.

In preparing for climate change, Viet Nam should take all of the following measures EXCEPT_______.

1. developing wireless communication networks
2. setting climate-friendly building codes and standards
3. adopting public transport systems
4. coming late into the modernization process

Read the passage below and choose one correct answer for each question.

Global warming and cooling have occurred naturally throughout history. But in the last 200 years, humans’ uses of fossil fuels and clear cutting of forests have increased the amount of carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere. These gases trap some of the radiation from the sun which then increases the Earth’s temperature. Given the current state of environmental pollution caused by human activities, scientists believe the average temperature of the earth may increase 1-2 degrees Celsius which put simply, means some places will get much hotter and some much colder. At the same time, this overall warming effect means more frequent and more intense weather systems, especially in terms of flooding and drought.    

Viet Nam is one of the most vulnerable environments due to its location on the planet. It is already subject to some of the earth’s most powerful weather systems and the increased frequency and intensity of storms will affect it often and directly, especially in coastal areas where most people live. Various estimates have been made as to the possible impacts. The most directly affected sector will be agriculture, which is very sensitive to flooding and the effects of extreme weather.

Viet Nam has the advantage of coming relatively late into the industrialization, urbanization, and modernization process. This means it can avoid many of the mistakes made by wealthier industrial countries. For example, wireless communication networks can be built from the start rather than installing lines that can easily be destroyed in extreme weather. Cities can be designed and located in less vulnerable locations. Climate-friendly building codes and standards can be created that are both more efficient and less prone to heat stress, wind damage, and flooding. Climate friendly transport systems, especially public transport, can be adopted.

The word “vulnerable” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to_______.

1. too weak to attack
2. safe from danger
3. able to be easily hurt
4. easy to take away