Unit 3: Becoming Independent

Language

VOCABULARY

1. Complete the table with words that have the same roots as the adjectives in the first column. Some adjectives do not have all the corresponding word forms. Use a dictionary, if necessary. 

(Hoàn thành bảng dưới đây bằng nhừng từ có cùng gốc với những tính từ ở cột thứ nhất. Một số tính từ không có dạng thức từ phù hợp. Dùng từ điển khi cần.)

2. Complete the sentences with some of the words from 1. 

(Hoàn thành câu bằng một sổ từ ờ bài tập 1) 

Example:

Ba is a very determined young man. No one can stop him from achieving his goals.

1. Ann is a very ____reliable_____ person. Whenever you ask her to do things for you, you can expect her to do them well.
2. You must believe in your abilities and have _____confidence____ in yourself to succeed.
3. To keep ____well-informed_____ on current topics, you need to read newspapers and watch the news.
4. She has a very _____responsible____ attitude towards work. She doesn’t need to be reminded about her duties.
5. Lan has been taught ____self-reliance_____ from an early age, so she is very independent now.
6. In case of emergency, you have to act very ____decisively_____.
7. Vietnamese people celebrate their ____independence _____ Day on September 2nd.

PRONUNCIATION

Linking between a consonant and a vowel - (Nối âm giữa một phụ âm và một nguyên âm)

• Khi nói chuyện một cách tự nhiên, chúng ta thường không nói rời rạc từng từ mà thường nối âm giữa từ với nhau. Thông thường âm cuối của từ trước là một phụ âm sẽ được đọc nối với từ kế tiếp có âm đầu là một nguyên âm.

1. Listen and repeat the following sentences, paying attention to the linking between the words. 

(Nghe và lặp lại những từ sau. chú ý đến sự kết nối giữa các từ với nhau.)

Click tại đây để nghe: 

2. Listen and link (v) the consonant sounds and the vowel sounds. Then practice reading the sentences. 

(Nghe và kết nối phụ âm với nguyên âm, sau đó tập đọc những câu đó.)

Click tại đây để nghe: 

1. Line up and  wait till tell you what to do.
2. My number is oh nine oh eight seven six oh four oh five (0908760405).
3. You could earn a lot of money if you write an interesting e-book.
4. Once upon a time, there was a frog that lived in a little pond.
5. Take a box from over there and give it to me.

GRAMMAR 

To-infinitives after nouns / adjectives (Động từ nguyên mẫu có TO sau danh từ hoặc tính từ)

* Chúng ta có thể dùng động từ nguyên mẫu có TO sau một số tính từ để nêu ra lý do nói rõ cho tính từ đó trong cấu trúc sau:

Noun / Pronoun + linking verbs + adj + to-infinitive

• Những tính từ thường gặp: glad happy, delighted, lucky. amazed, surprised. proud, determined, pleased, sorry, disappointed, sad, afraid.
• Ví dụ:
  • I'm happy to see my form teacher again.
  • We are delighted to hear about your success.

* Chúng ta có thể dùng động từ nguyên mẫu có TO trong cấu trúc với It và một số tính từ đê đưa ra lời hình luận hay nhận xét.

It + linking verbs + adj (for sb)+ to-infinitive

• Những tính từ thường gặp: easy. difficult, hard, interesting, boring. nice, great, good, possible. impossible, likely, important, necessary, (un)reasonable.
• Ví dụ:
  • It's interesting to talk to him.
  • It's important for me to have confidence in myself.

* Chúng ta có thể dùng động từ nguyên mẫu có TO sau một số danh từ trừu tượng đê nói về những hành động mà chúng có liên quan.

(S + V) + Noun / Pronoun + to-infinitive

• Những danh từ thường gặp: advice, ability, ambition, anxiety, attempt, chance. decision, dream, failure,permission, plan, request. wish, way, demand. determination, effort, offer, willingness.
• Ví dụ:
  • Your dream to become a teacher will come true.
  • You should find a way to deal with this problem.

* Lưu ý cấu trúc

• Trong cấu trúc Noun / Pronoun + linking verbs + adj+ to infinitive thì Noun / Pronoun là chủ ngữ của câu và của to-infinitive.
  • Ví dụ: We are proud to be Vietnamese.
• Trong cấu trúc It + linking verbs + adj (for sb)+ to-infinitive thì It là chủ ngữ chính thức trong khi đó cụm to-infinitive lại là chủ ngữ thật sự của câu.
  • Ví  dụ: It is difficult to get tickets for the concert on Saturday.
  • To get tickets for the concert on Saturday is difficult.

1. Work in pairs. Underline the to-infinitive in the sentences you found in 4 in GETTING STARTED. Pay attention to how the infinitives are used. 

(Làm việc theo cặp. gạch dưới những động từ nguyên mẫu có TO trong những câu em tìm được ở bài tập 4 trong phần GETTING STARTED. Hãy chú ý đến cách dùng của các động từ nguyên mẫu có TO.)

1. It's good to have a friend you can rely on. (to-infinitive is used in the structure "It + linking verbs + adj + to infinitive")
2. Even our Maths teacher was very surprised to read his answer. (to-infinitive is used in the structure "Noun/Pronoun + linking verbs + adj + to infinitive'')
3. His parents must be reallv pleased to have such a son. (to-infinitive is used in the structure "Noun / Pronoun + linking, verbs + adj + to infinitive")
4. But he still has time to read... (to-infinitive is used in the structure "(S + V) + Noun /Pronoun + to infinitive")
5. It's interesting to talk to him. (to-infinitive is used in the structure "It + linking verbs + adj + to infinitive")
6. I really admire his ability to make decisions so quickly. (to-infinitive is used in the structure "(S + V) + Noun / Pronoun + to infinitive")
7. You're lucky to have a close friend like him. (to-infmitive is used in the structure "Noun / Pronoun + linking verbs + adj + to inf ini five ") 

2. Rewrite the sentences using the to-infỉnitive. 

(Hãy viết lại những câu dưới đây, sử dụng động từ nguyên mẫu có TO.)

Example:

We were happy because we met some interesting people.

→ We were happy to meet some interesting people.

1. The little boy was afraid when he jumped into the pool.

→ The little boy was afraid to jump into the pool.

2. She is proud that she is the leader of the group.

→ She is proud to be the leader of the group.

3. The students were excited when they heard that they had won the competition.

→ The students were excited to hear that they had won the competition.

4. My mother was very surprised when she heard I would take part in the storytelling contest.

→ My mother was very surprised to hear that I would take part in the storytelling contest.

5. I’m sorry if I may disturb you.

 → I'm sorry to disturb you.

3. Combine the sentences using to-infinitive. 

(Dùng động từ nguyên mẫu có TO để nối những câu dưới đây)

Example:

All of us want to visit the Citadel. It’s interesting.

→ It’s interesting for all of us to visit the Citadel.

Don’t bring your umbrella with you. It's unnecessary.

→ It's unnecessary to bring your umbrella with you.

1. Don’t expect that everybody will understand you. It’s unreasonable.

→ It's unreasonable to expect that everybody will understand you.

2. We can’t guess what will happen. It’s impossible.

→ It's impossible to guess what will happen.

3. Everyone can learn some simple sentences in English such as How are you? or Thank you. It’s easy.

→ It's easy to learn some simple sentences in Knglish such as How are you? or Thank you.

4. You should take a map with you when travelling in a foreign country. It’s necessary.

→ It's necessary to take a map with you when travelling in a foreign country.

5. You can finish the project on your own. It’s possible.

→ It's possible for you to finish the project on your own.

4. Rewrite the sentences using the nouns in brackets and a to-infinitive phrase. 

(Dùng danh từ cho trong ngoặc đơn và một cụm động từ nguvên mẫu có TO đê viết lại những câu dưới đây.)

Example:

She knows how to solve the problem. (way)

→ She knows the way to solve the problem.

1. You are not ill so you don’t have to stay in bed. (need)

→ You are not ill so there's no need to stay in bed.

2. My teacher is able to make complicated things easy to understand. (ability)

→ My teacher has the abilitv to make complicated things easy to understand.       

3. That he decided to take part in the contest surprised all of us. (decision)

→ His decision to take part in the contest surprised all of us.

4. I was not allowed to go to the party. (permission)

→ I couldn’t get permission lo go to the party.

5. I didn’t know that they were going to Nha Trang for the summer holidays. (plan)

→ I didn't know about their plan to go to Nha Trane for the summer holidays.