Đặt \(v_n=u_n-\dfrac{1}{n}\)

\(u_{n+1}=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(3u_n+\dfrac{n-3}{n^2+n}\right)\rightarrow v_{n+1}=\dfrac{3}{4}v_n\\ \rightarrow v_n=v_1\left(\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^{n-1}=2\left(\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^{n-1}\\ \rightarrow u_n=2\left(\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^{n-1}+\dfrac{1}{n}\\ \rightarrow u_{2021}=\dfrac{4042.3^{2020}+4^{2020}}{4^{2020}.2021}\)

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\(u_n:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1=1\\u_{n+1}=3u_n+2n-1\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Đặt \(limu_n=a\Rightarrow limu_{n+1}=a\)

\(\left(1\right)\Rightarrow a=3a+2n-1\)

\(\Rightarrow a=\dfrac{1-2n}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow limu_n=\dfrac{1-2n}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow lim\dfrac{u_n}{3^n}=lim\dfrac{1-2n}{2.3^n}=0\)

Đặt \(v_n=u_n+n\)

Chứng minh được \(3^n>n^2\) với mọi số nguyên dương n bằng phương pháp quy nạp. Suy ra: \(\left|\dfrac{n}{3^n}\right|< \left|\dfrac{n}{n^2}\right|=\dfrac{1}{n}\). Mà \(lim\dfrac{1}{n}=0\rightarrow lim\dfrac{n}{3^n}=0\)

\(u_{n+1}=3u_n+2n-1\rightarrow v_{n+1}=3v_n\\ \rightarrow v_n=v_1.3^{n-1}=2.3^{n-1}\\ \rightarrow u_n=2.3^{n-1}-n\\ lim\dfrac{u_n}{3^n}=lim\dfrac{2.3^{n-1}-n}{3^n}=lim\left(\dfrac{2}{3}-\dfrac{n}{3^n}\right)=\dfrac{2}{3}\)

Trước hết ta chứng minh \(0< u_n\le1+\sqrt{2}\):

Ta thấy: \(0< u_1=2\le1+\sqrt{2}\)

Giả sử điều này đúng đến \(0< u_k\le1+\sqrt{2}\)

Ta có: \(u_{k+1}=\dfrac{3u_k+1}{u_k+1}>0\)

Lại có: \(u_{k+1}=\dfrac{3u_k+1}{u_k+1}=3-\dfrac{2}{u_k+1}\le3-\dfrac{2}{1+\sqrt{2}}\le3-1=2\le1+\sqrt{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow0< u_{k+1}\le1+\sqrt{2}\)

Theo nguyên lí quy nạp, ta được: \(0< u_n\le1+\sqrt{2}\)

Khi đó ta có:

\(u_{n+1}-u_n=\dfrac{3u_n+1}{u_n+1}-u_{n\text{​​}}\)

\(=\dfrac{3u_n+1-u_n^2-u_n}{u_n+1}\)

\(=\dfrac{-u_n^2+2u_n+1}{u_n+1}\)

\(=-\dfrac{\left(u_n-1-\sqrt{2}\right)\left(u_n-1+\sqrt{2}\right)}{u_n+1}\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow u_{n+1}\ge u_n\)

\(\Rightarrow\) Dãy tăng.

Đặt \(u_n+\dfrac{5}{4}=v_n\)

\(GT\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_1=\dfrac{9}{4};v_2=\dfrac{13}{4}\\v_{n+2}=2v_{n+1}+3v_n\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ta có CTTQ của dãy \(\left(v_n\right)\) là:

\(v_n=\dfrac{11}{24}.3^n-\dfrac{7}{8}.\left(-1\right)^n\)

(Bạn tự chứng minh theo quy nạp)

\(\Rightarrow u_n=\dfrac{11}{24}.3^n-\dfrac{7}{8}\left(-1\right)^n-\dfrac{5}{4}\) với \(\forall n\in N\text{*}\)

\(\Rightarrow S=2\left(u_1+u_2+...+u_{100}\right)+u_{101}\)

\(=\left[\dfrac{11}{12}\left(3^1+3^2+...+3^{100}\right)-\dfrac{7}{4}\left(-1+1-...+1\right)-\dfrac{5}{2}.100\right]+\dfrac{11}{24}.3^{101}-\dfrac{7}{8}.\left(-1\right)^{101}-\dfrac{5}{4}\)

\(=\dfrac{11}{12}.\dfrac{3^{101}-3}{2}-250+\dfrac{11}{24}.3^{101}+\dfrac{7}{8}\)

\(=\dfrac{11}{24}.\left(2.3^{101}-3\right)-\dfrac{1993}{8}\)

\(=\dfrac{11}{4}.3^{100}-\dfrac{501}{2}\)

\(u_{n+1}=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(u_n-\dfrac{n+4}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(u_n-\dfrac{3}{n+1}+\dfrac{2}{n+2}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow u_{n+1}-\dfrac{3}{n+1+1}=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(u_n-\dfrac{3}{n+1}\right)\)

Đặt \(u_n-\dfrac{3}{n+1}=v_n\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_1=u_1-\dfrac{3}{2}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\\v_{n+1}=\dfrac{3}{2}v_n\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow v_n\) là CSN với công bội \(\dfrac{3}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow v_n=-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^{n-1}\)

\(\Rightarrow u_n=-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^{n-1}+\dfrac{3}{n+1}\)

Từ công thức dãy số ta thấy \(u_n\) là cấp số cộng với \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1=2\\d=3\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow u_n=u_1+\left(n-1\right)d=2+\left(n-1\right)3=3n-1\)

\(\Rightarrow I=\lim\limits\dfrac{3n-1}{3n+1}=1\)